Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (Drohobych)
The Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross is a wooden church , an architectural monument of national importance, protection number 378/1. It is located in the suburb of Zvarychi on the eponymous street Zvarytska № 7, Drohobych , Lviv region .
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Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (Drohobych)
The Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross is a wooden church , an architectural monument of national importance, protection number 378/1. It is located in the suburb of Zvarychi on the eponymous street Zvarytska № 7, Drohobych , Lviv region .
Article
Since 1987, the church belongs to the museum complex of the Department of Wooden Architectural Monuments of the Drohobych Museum . The Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross is considered one of the best in the style of Galician wooden architecture .
History
The Church of the Exaltation was the parish church of the salt workers. The history of this church is closely connected with the priest Fr. Vasyl Hlibkevych, who painted miraculous icons, lived and ruled here. The temple was first mentioned in documents from 1496 . In 1499 it burned down during the Tatar attack on the city. In old sources there is no exact official date of construction of the existing church, often called 1661, this dating was used in the early registers of architectural monuments of the USSR and at the entrance to the choir preserved inscription: "created July 6, 1661". Now, according to the inscription found on the bow of the nave , the official date of construction is 1613year. Although some researchers suggest that in 1613 it could have been rebuilt, according to their version, the date of construction falls at the end of the 15th century. - the beginning of the 16th century. On the northern wall there is an inscription: "John Ilyashevich - a relative of Hrushatytsky, remember his Lord in His church - Amen - the Nativity of God 1636 July 2".
Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, 1908-14
In 1961 the church was closed. The church was restored in 1970-1971 (architects Ivan Mohytych and Ihor Starosolsky , artists A. Erko, Petro Lininsky, Natalia Slipchenko) and turned into a museum object.
Although the church is now a museum, it is closed almost all the time, awaiting restoration. The exception is the church holiday on September 27 , when the church is worshiping .
Architecture
The church has three teeth, originally a single-storey building. In 1661, the chapel of Ivan the Forerunner was built on the emporium above the Babinka, with access to the open outer gallery , as a result of which it became a two-story building. After the reconstruction, the church acquired not quite the usual features, due to the fact that the emporium (chapel) is not located directly above the Babinka, but pushed forward in a westerly direction and hangs on pillars outside the walls of the Babinka. A feature of the church is the unusually wide attic, which covers only the altar and nave of the church, and the Babinets is surrounded by a huge open gallery with a playground located at the level of the choirs. Above the nave, in the center of the temple, with outstretched wings of the attic a clear prism rises the middle frame with a quadrangular pyramidal top. The low five-walled altar emphasizes the scale of the large central part of the temple. On the facade of the church there is an inscription carved in 1711: "In the church of the saint as in heaven to stand." Some changes were made during the renovation of 1715.
Since the XV century. the log cabins of the altar, the nave and the nave to the height of the crowning cornice have been preserved . Chapel , arcade newer. They were destroyed and rebuilt. Probably from the fire, because there are burnt beams - as if the church was ignited by lightning (burning from above). The church was thoroughly renovated in 1715, weighed (put on a new foundation) in 1823 .
Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
In the Church of the Exaltation, the ratio of the heights of the premises and their spatial association have been solved in an original and new way. This was facilitated by the construction of emporium on the second tier. Before entering the church, the visitor must pass through a low porch, its height is 2.25 m. perspective from the nave to the nave and through a triangular cutout in the east wall of the nave to the altar. The length of the church is 17 m.
Bell tower of the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross
To the north-west of the church there is a three-tiered pillar bell tower of defensive type, covered with a high tent, 25 m high. Built in the second half of the 17th century. On the third tier, under the tent, there is an arcade with loudspeakers to release the sound of bells and a subdivision that resembles a bell tower to defensive towers. The walls are lined with boards, at the level of the first tier the bell tower is surrounded by an attic .
Mural
The Church of the Exaltation has something that is not repeated anywhere else in the Galician churches - preserved paintings in the altar. The interior of the Church of the Exaltation also impresses with its austere simplicity and grandeur. The frescoes of the church date from different times: in the altar there is a painting of the beginning. XVII century the brush of the master Hryhoriy (according to other sources - the author of the older part of the iconostasis Fedko and his student), the chapel on the emporium was painted in 1672 by Ivan Kobrynovych. In 1735, a wall separating the nave and the altar was painted on the theme "Martyrdom of the Apostles." At the entrance to the church are also preserved ancient paintings with the faces of saints. The windows in the church are few, so they give little light and the strong local colors of the paintings are softened by semi-darkness, where gilded details and silver icons shine.
There is no exact information as to who was the author of the Ascension paintings, but their connection with a certain range of works of art should be indicated. In style and character, even "handwriting" and small details, these paintings are closest to the engravings of George - the master of the first half of the XVII century, whose activities are associated with Lviv. In the engravings of George to the Gospel of 1636, published in Lviv in the printing house of Mykhailo Slozka, there are many characters with the same large facial features, and the forms of the ornament are monumental.
Iconostasis
Iconostasis - four-tiered, pyramidal, different time. The non- existent iconostasis of the chapel was painted in 1669 by the painter-popovych Stefan Meditsky . Separate icons of "Christ with the Apostles" and "The Virgin" in 1694 were painted by his son - painter Ivan Meditsky . The altar icon "St. Nicholas "in 1746 painted by Fr. Vasyl, and Vasyl Hlibkevych's "Christ the Vineyard" in 1753 Renaissance art motifs were used in the carving of the iconostasis .
Gallery
Sources, references and literature
History of Ukrainian art. - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1967, vol. 2, p. 200-203.
V. Slobodyan "Churches of Ukraine. Diocese of Peremyshl ". Lviv-1998. - 864 p.
Logvin GN Ukraine and Moldova. - Moscow: Art, 1982 (in Russian)
Yurchenko PG Wooden architecture of Ukraine. - К .: 1970 р., С. 80 - 81, 96.
Logvin GN Ukrainian Carpathians. - Moscow: Art, 1973, p. 44 - 48 (in Russian)
Monuments of architecture and urban planning of Ukraine. - K .: Technology, 2000, p. 163—164
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Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (Drohobych)
The Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross is a wooden church , an architectural monument of national importance, protection number 378/1. It is located in the suburb of Zvarychi on the eponymous street Zvarytska № 7, Drohobych , Lviv region .
Infobox
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