intetrnet and history

The Internet is a truly revolutionary technology that has changed the world once and for all, without any doubt, this technology can be considered one of the most ingenious inventions of mankind.

Concept: The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks consisting of private, public, academic, business knowledge

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

number of people of different ages and hobbies. You can access the web from almost any device, even from your TV.

Therefore, it is quite important to know what is hidden under this term, its correct definition and what it is in general. How can millions of people be united into one big global network?

The Internet is built and operates on the TCP/IP protocol model. It is used as a means of transmitting information for many different data transmission systems. It is on its basis and within it that the World Wide Web works - the World Wide Web, thanks to which we can visit our favorite sites.

How the Internet works and works

These are millions of connected devices and other networks. All of them are united in one large - global network and can communicate with each other in it. TCP / IP protocols are used for data transmission, thanks to which it is possible to transmit and receive a wide variety of information.

The World Wide Web is an integral part of the Internet, thanks to which all sites work. It gives us the ability to visit and create websites and other resources on the web.

Computers are connected to the same network using cables owned by providers. All traffic is routed through them. Also, access to the Internet can be transmitted via satellites.

Traffic exchange centers are called Internet Exchange (IX), they handle the main international traffic. And, yes, these cables are located between continents and under a huge depth in the sea / ocean - about 3 km.

term :world wide web

A distributed system that provides access to interconnected documents located on different computers connected to the Internet. The word web and the abbreviation WWW are also used to refer to the World Wide Web.

Date of origin: March 12, 1989

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/computers-and-electrical-engineering/computers-and-computing/world-wide-web

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web

The World Wide Web is made up of millions of Internet web servers located around the world. A web server is a program that runs on a computer connected to a network and uses the HTTP protocol to transfer data. In its simplest form, such a program receives an HTTP request for a specific resource over the network, finds the corresponding file on the local hard drive, and sends it over the network to the requesting computer. More sophisticated web servers are capable of dynamically allocating resources in response to an HTTP request. To identify resources (often files or their parts) on the World Wide Web, uniform resource identifiers URI (English Uniform Resource Identifier) ​​are used. Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) are used to locate resources on the network. Such URL locators combine URI identification technology and the DNS domain name system (English Domain Name System) - a domain name (or directly an IP address in a numeric notation) is part of a URL to designate a computer (more precisely, one of its network interfaces ) that executes the code of the desired web server.

personalities :

Tim Berners-Lee

Tim Berners-Lee

British inventor

Wikipedia

Creator of URI, URL, HTTP, HTML, and the World Wide Web and current head of the World Wide Web Consortium. Author of the concept of the semantic web, many other developments in the field of information technology.

Born: 8 June 1955 (age 66) London

On August 23, 1991, British scientist Timothy Berners-Lee officially launched the world's first website. During this time, the world has changed dramatically.

However, what the Internet is now no longer matches Berners-Lee's original vision. Whether this is good or bad is debatable. What does the creator of the WWW think about this? What path did Berners-Lee himself go through?

Timothy John Berners-Lee is from the UK. He was born on June 8, 1955 in London. His parents, Conway Berners-Lee and Mary Lee Woods, were mathematicians. They were also associated with IT: they conducted research in the field of creating one of the first computers - the Manchester Mark I.

In addition, the prerequisites for the invention of the WWW was the idea of ​​the American scientist Vannevar Bush, who came up with the concept of hypertext.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee

https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/tim-berners-lee-5475.php

internet history

The history of the Internet briefly first begins as a military idea in the mid-twentieth century at the height of the Cold War. In 1962 J.K.R. Licklider, of the US Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA in English), voiced the idea of ​​a so-called "galactic network" of interconnected computers.

In 1967, Lawrence Roberts of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology published a plan for such a network, which he called "Arpanet" (in English - ARPANET, a derivative of DARPA). According to him, two computers were first networked in 1969.

In 1972, this technology was first presented to the general public at the International Conference on Computer Communications. In the same year, the first e-mail message was sent.

Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider

American scientist. Early works were devoted to psychoacoustics, subsequent works - to the field of information technology. One of the creators of the ARPANET, the prototype of the Internet.

Born: March 11, 1915, St. Louis, Missouri

Died: June 26, 1990 (aged 75), Arlington

Born in 1915 in St. Louis. He graduated from the University of Washington with a bachelor's degree in three specialties: physics, mathematics and psychology. He wrote his doctoral work on psychoacoustics. In 1942 he worked in a laboratory at Harvard University. In 1950 he moved to work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he became interested in computer technology. He expressed the idea of ​​the need to create computers that work in real time. Deepened my knowledge of computers at BBN. In 1962−1964. worked at ARPA, laid the foundations of ARPANET. He expressed the idea of ​​the need to create a combination of computers in a network with free access for any person from anywhere in the world to its resources. Licklider is called the spiritual father of the World Wide Web, the man who sowed the seeds of the Internet.

Licklider's contribution to the emergence of the Internet is enormous, it consists of ideas and principles, not inventions and technologies. Licklider foresaw the need to network computers with simple user interfaces. His ideas anticipated computer graphics, point-and-click interfaces, digital libraries, e-commerce, online banking, and web hosted software.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._C._R._Licklider

https://history-computer.com/joseph-licklider-complete-biography/

In the 1970s, scientific communities began to create highly specialized local networks to exchange thematic results of the latest research and development. However, it was too early to talk about a global network that would cover the whole world and allow the simultaneous connection of millions of gadgets.

A key development in the history of the Internet can rightly be considered in brief since 1983, when the 2 network protocols TCP/IP were created, making it easy to connect to the Internet using a telephone line. A few years later, the Internet has become gradually becoming more widely available. Since the beginning of the 90s, the modern history of the Internet begins in the form in which it is familiar to us now.

The modern Internet operates on the basis of hyperlinks. They were invented and implemented by Tim Berners-Lee of the European Organization for Nuclear Research. In 1991, he released a hyperlink reader called "World Wide Web," literally translated as "World Wide Web." The source code for the WWW meant that any enthusiastic programmer could use it without paying royalties.

The entire history of the creation of the Internet is the history of the expansion of the WWW system. Browsing sites has become accessible and interesting not only for geeks, but also for ordinary users who would like to get access to the latest information. It is strange to think that until the 1990s, paper publications remained the most reliable and responsible source of information, whether it was scientific, journalistic or any other research area.

In the mid-1990s, the so-called "technological protest" took place. Representatives of professions that have long enjoyed prestige in society protested against the use of the Internet. In particular, lawyers resented proposals to send documents by e-mail. In their opinion, the digital format of documents diminished the prestige of the profession and undermined the trust of clients. As we can see, this prejudice has lost weight over time.

Moreover, if we consider this particular case of the computerization of jurisprudence, we may encounter not too comfortable forecasts for today's generation of lawyers. Basic statements of claim and other similar template documents can be compiled by computer algorithms that do not require the participation of live lawyers.

WEB 1

The year 1991 was marked by the creation of WEB1, the first web browser was created, however, there was no accessibility to the masses and it was available to local scientific institutions for the exchange of information.

In 1993, CERN made WWW technology public domain. In 1994, Tim Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an organization that develops technical standards for the Web and the Internet. The era of Web 1.0 has begun.

With the advent of websites, content that used to be delivered on a scheduled basis on radio and TV is available at any time from any computer connected to the Internet.

Berners-Lee himself described Web 1.0 as a "read-only web". This characteristic reflects that the information was presented on static pages.

The lack of proper animation and interaction between servers and users, I am silent about building large ecosystems around websites and interactions between people.

The ability to comment on content was limited to a separate guest page on the site, and comments had to be sent using an email client.

Basically, the Internet consisted of electronic advertising and controlled news. The Internet was controlled by a small number of organizations, the space was underdeveloped.

By the end of the 90s, the popularity of dot-coms or Internet-related companies increased greatly, but many corporations could not survive in such a fast technology race and went bankrupt, the dot-com crisis was in the early 2000s, many investors became disillusioned with projects, and the surviving companies became build a new WEB2 world.

WEB 2

The hallmark of the era that began in 2004 is characterized by the fact that users themselves were able to create content, and not just consume the content of producers, a lot of new areas have opened up. People were able to interact with each other through social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and even record their videos on You Tube.

Everyone understood that the Internet is useful not only for reading boring and monotonous text from a limited number of companies. However, everything has become very centralized and controlled by the big tech giants like Google, facebook, Twitter, Amazon and a small number of other giants. People got excellent technologies and opportunities for work, studies and free time, the world has changed forever, life has become easier. However, very often we hear about the removal of objectionable content by companies, the groundlessness of blocking social networks and the leakage of information about users of the state. There was a need to soften control and centralization.

WEB3

At the moment, the world is actively immersed in the web 3, but has not yet moved to it. WEB3 is a semantic web. Not without the creator of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee, who first described the Semantic Web in 1994. Later, his article in Scientific American in 2001 brought the idea to popularity in the Internet community, and the terms "Web 3.0" and "Semantic Web" became almost interchangeable. The Semantic Web is now one of the core technologies at the heart of the new web.

In the web three, in addition to issues of decentralization, the issue of a close relationship between the offline and online world can be resolved.

At the same time, other technological breakthroughs must occur. These breakthroughs have been blockchain, machine learning, and the Internet of Things.

https://websitebuilders.com/how-to/glossary/web1/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/the-evolution-of-the-internet-web-3-0-explained

conclusion: the Internet and the World Wide Web have changed people's ideas about communications, transmission and storage of information, a lot of jobs and various services have appeared that provide their services through the Internet

thank you for your attention and see you soon

RomanS#3640