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While exploring the fairy house of a girl during a summer stick to the mainland, Tinker Bell is accidentally discovered. Tink develops a special bond with the lonely, little girl as one other fairies establish a rescue at the middle of a ferocious storm.

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Personal Information

Real Name –> Florin Hilbay

Nickname –> Pilo

Birthdate –> March 19, 1974

Birthplace –> Tondo, Manila

Father –> Rodrigo Hilbay, a high school graduate who worked as a messenger

Mother –> Lydia, a housewife who finished grade six. She is from Sto Niño, Cagayan.

Education

Hilbay attended Holy Child Catholic School in Manila for his elementary education and the University of Santo Tomas for high school. He went to the same university for college and earned a bachelor’s degree in economics. Later, he finished a law degree from the University of the Philippines and topped the bar in 1999. He continued his studies and gained a Master’s degree in law from Yale University Law School.

In 1999, he passed the Bar Exam and placed 1st with a rating of 88.5. He tied the no. 1 slot with Edwin R. Enrile while his girlfriend Karen B. Caparros was in seventh place. The two had broke up later.

Work Experiences

Before passing the Bar examination, Florin Hilbay was a staff member of Justice Vicente Mendoza. In 2001, Atty. Hilbay became a Fulbright Visiting Scholar. Since then, he has been invited to lecture at several universities and institutes including Max Planck Institute in Germany. In 2002, he joined the Office of the Solicitor-General (OSG) under then Solicitor General Simeon Marcelo. Subsequently, he became a consultant of the Commission on Election, director of the Institute of Government and Law Reform of the University of the Philippines Law Center, editor-in-chief of the Philippine Law and Society Review, and editor of IBP Law Journal.

On August 20, 2014, Florin was appointed by President Benigno Aquino III as acting solicitor-general and the appointment became permanent the following year. One of his most important job was to lead the country’s legal team in the arbitration case against China regarding the West Philippine Sea dispute. Another was his defense of the Reproductive Health (RH) Law before the Supreme Court

After President Aquino’s term ended in 2016, Florin returned to the academic world as a constitutional law professor at University of the Philippines Diliman. He was also hired as part of the legal team that is defending Senator Leila De Lima in her drug-related case. In 2008, he handled the case of Senator Antonio Trillanes against the the government’s nullification of his amnesty.

Book and Advocacies

Florin Hilbay authored a book on the Philippine Constitution. It was published by the University of the Philippines Press. He is a staunch critic of the Duterte Administration regarding its policies on drugs, West Philippine Sea dispute with China, and human rights violations.

References:

Asian Law Institute

DBpedia

Personal Information of Romulo Macalintal

Real Name –> Romulo B. Macalintal

Nickname –> Romy, Atty. Mac, Maka-Romy

Birthdate –> 1947 (Age 71)

Spouse –> Mila Gamboa Macalintal, a former English Professor of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Children –> Jinel, Victor and Michael

Religion –> Catholic

Trivia –>

* Romy was a big fan of Muhammad Ali whom he was able to meet for two hours during the latter’s fight in Manila, dubbed “Thrilla in Manila”.

* He designated son-in-law Atty. Ace Bautista as his campaign manager

* His fellow election lawyers, Sixto Brillantes and George Garcia are helping him in his senate bid.

Family and Childhood

* Atty Romy came from a family of modest means

* married to a teacher of PUP

* has three children and five grandchildren

* Started working at the age of 18 to help his family

Educational Attainment

* Studied high school at Far Eastern University

* Finished Bachelor of Science in Commerce, major in Advertising from Philippine College of Commerce (now Polytechnic University of the Philippines)

* Graduated law degree from University of the East, College of Law

* Passed the BAR examinations in 1978 with a rating of 83.1%

Work Experiences

* messenger-collector in an insurance company

* mail sorter at the Manila Post Office

* clerk at the defunct Cooperative Administration Office

* started as a messenger and rose from the rank to become Veterans Benefits Counselor at the United States Veterans Administration

* Specialized in election law after he defended Carlos Padilla against Leonardo Perez, then Minister of Information of President Ferdinand Marcos

Achievements of Romulo Macalintal

* Hosted a radio program called Hatol ng Bayan on NBN’s (PTV-4).

* Founder, Mission Guided by Mary Foundation (“MGM”) – a non-profit Catholic organization dedicated to helping indigent high school and college students nationwide.

List of High Profile Cases Handled by Atty: Macalintal

* Defense lawyer of Vice President Leni Robredo in the poll protest filed against her by former Senator Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr.

* Defense lawyer of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s case against Fernando Poe Jr.

* Defense lawyer of Mayor Vico Sotto in the poll protest filed by Bobby Eusebio

Advocacies

* Electoral Reforms and Educating the youth on the right of suffrage

* Free movie tickets for senior citizens

* Expand cash grants for Filipino centenarians

References

Weebly.com

From Election Lawyer to Senate Candidate – Rappler

Personal Information

Name: Gary Cajolo Alejano, Sr.

Birthdate: January 22, 1973 (Age 46)

Birthplace: Sipalay City, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Father: A farmer

Mother: Teacher “Mamang Lica”

Siblings:

Wife: Minerva Cojuangco of Bamban, Tarlac

Children: Martine Gwyneth and Micah Gabrielle, Maxine Gail, Gary Alejano Jr., and Gian Marcus

Education

Gary attended the University of Cebu (formerly Cebu Central Colleges) taking up Electrical Engineering for two years from 1989 to 1991. He continued his studies at the Philippine Military Academy (PMA) where he finished Bachelor of Science in Naval System Engineering in 1995 as a member of Marilag Class. He pursued graduate studies at the University of the Philippines where he finished Masters of Management and a certificate in New Enterprise Planning. In 2016, along with other students from 23 countries, he attended the program for Senior Executives in National and International Security of the Harvard Kennedy School.

Military Career

After his graduation from PMA, he was assigned various roles in the Philippine Marine Corps where he rose to become a captain. He saw action in the military’s quest to fight the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) in Western Mindanao particularly in the provinces of Sulu and Basilan. In 2000, he was part of the campaign to capture Camp Abubakar and was assigned to secure areas in Matanog, Maguindanao. At this time, he was “wounded in action” and for his bravery, he received the Distinguished Conduct Star and other awards. His appeal to be awared the Medal For Valor (Filipino: Medalya ng Kagitingan, the highest award that the country’s Armed Forces can bestow) is still on process.

Political Career

Gary Alejano was one of the founders of Magdalo organization, officially registered under the name Samahang Magdalo, Inc. (SMI). This group was formed while some 300 soldiers including Gary were in detention for their participation in the Oakwood Mutiny in 2003. The participants of the said mutiny claimed to have been radicalized due to widespread poverty in the countryside and corruption in the highest echelons of government. They wanted then President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to resign.

In 2010, Gary was released from detention and was given amnesty by President Benigno Aquino III. Upon release, Gary went around the country to establish regional as well as provincial chapters of the group. In 2013, the group’s membership swelled to more than 200,000. As a registered party-list organization with the Commission on Election (COMELEC), it participated in the election of that year, winning two seats, one for him as the number one nominee and the other seat for Francisco Ashley Acedillo. In the 2016 election, Magdalo secured only one seat and thus only Gary Alejano returned to become a member of the 17th Congress.

As a member of Congress, Gary was able to file hundreds of bills and resolutions but only a few were passed into laws. He also initiated over a hundred infrastructure projects such as roads, school buildings, water services and flood control projects. For all of his untiring efforts and dedication to public service, he was named as one of the “TOP Congressman of the Philippines” by the Publishers Association of the Philippines.

In 2017, Representative Gary Alejano filed an impeachment case against President Rodrigo Duterte, accusing him of violating the constitution and alleging crime against humanity, among other reasons. The case was immediately dismissed. Together with Senator Trillanes, he went to The Hague to submit supplemental documents in support of the human rights complaint against the president filed earlier by lawyer Jude Sabio at the International Criminal Court. In 2018, he was also one of the congressmen to file an impeachment case against seven associate justices of the Supreme Court. Again, the case was junked right away by the justice committee.

References

1.congress.gov.ph

2. rappler.com

3. philstar.com

4. magdalo.org

5. Facebook Page

6. manilatimes.net

Career and Achievements

1One of the lawyers for the petition against the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020

2Chairman, Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG) — the Philippines’ oldest and largest group of human rights lawyers.

3Served on the Commission on Human Rights under Presidents Cory Aquino and Fidel V. Ramos

4Member of the Committee on Human Rights and Due Process at the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP)

5Prosecutor, impeachment of President Joseph Estrada

6Lead lawyer in various notable cases such as 1995 Kuratong Baleleng rubout case, Rodolfo “Jun” Lozada the whistleblow of NBN/ZTE case, Raymond and Reynaldo Manalo case, and the media case against President Arroyo

7General Counsel of the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee (the Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigation) in 2001

8Special Counsel of the Development Bank of the Philippines in 2004

9Founder, Diokno Law Center (2006)

10Founding Dean, De La Salle University College of Law since 2009

11Author of two law books namely: Diokno On Trial: The Techniques And Ideals Of The Filipino Lawyer (The Complete Guide To Handling A Case In Court), published by the Diokno Law Center in 2007; and Civil And Administrative Suits As Instruments Of Accountability For Human Rights Violations, published by the Asia Foundation in 2010

Personal Information

Real Name: Jose Manuel Icasiano Diokno

Nickname: Chel

Birthdate: February 23, 1961

Birthplace: Manila, Philippines

Father: Jose W. Diokno (former senator)

Mother: Carmen Icasiano

Siblings: 9

*One of her siblings is Maris, former chair of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines

Children: Pepe Diokno (film director, producer and screenwriter), Abe, Laya, Inez, Julio and Ian

Profession: Lawyer

Political Career

Chel Diokno was a candidate for senator of the Philippines in the election on May 13, 2019. He belonged to the Opposition Koalisyon (OK) group that includes the Liberal Party (LP) and Magdalo Party-list. However, he failed to win.

Latest News

On October 7, 2022, human rights lawyer Jose Manuel “Chel” Diokno filed his candidacy for senator under KANP Party.

On June 15, 2021, Atty. Chel announced that he is definitely running in the 2022 election although he did not specify what position. He said he wanted to give voice to the youth and to the victims of injustices.

In a televised speech on April 5, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte unleashed his anger upon Atty. Diokno saying among others that the latter is a lousy lawyer who lost the senatorial election in 2019 because of his faulty front teeth. Previously, Atty Diokno criticized the administration’s handling of the coronavirus crisis and offered advice to those who would be summoned by the national Bureau of Investigation. The following day April 6, he accompanied a client to answer a summon from the NBI.

Atty. Diokno responded to the president’s tirades by posting the following on his Facebook Account.

References

1. Buan, Lian (October 7, 2021). "Human rights lawyers Diokno, Colmenares file Senate COCs to redeem 2019 losses". Rappler. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2021. Diokno took his oath as member of KANP

2. Adel, Rosette (May 14, 2019). "'CHELebrate, don't cry,' Chel Diokno tells supporters after defeat". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on September 19, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021. Diokno, a member of the Liberal Party...

3.Calica, Marian Feliz (September 15, 2021). "Rights lawyer Diokno to run for senator as independent". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 19, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021.

4. Domingo, Katrina (February 20, 2019). "Award-winning director Pepe Diokno gives dad Chel's campaign a makeover". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on September 19, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021.

5. "Candidate's Profile: Diokno, Chel". gmanetwork.com. GMA News. 2019. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2021.

6.basic information site

Biography

Gardner's parents, Jacob Gardner and Minnie Pollack, emigrated with him to the United States in 1893. He began studying the violin at age seven, taking lessons from the age of nine with famous teachers - Charles Martin Lefler, then Felix Winternitz and finally with Franz Kneisel at the Institute of Musical Art.

In 1914 he played second violin in the Kneisel Quartet (replacing the conscripted Hans Letz), in 1915-1916 he was the assistant accompanist in the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. From 1918-1920, he was a violinist with the Elshuko Trio.

Gardner subsequently taught at the Juilliard School (1924-1941), Columbia University, and the University of Wisconsin, and wrote several textbooks. Gardner's musical compositions are for violin or string ensemble; he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his string quartet in D minor (1918).

TECHNIC AND MUSICIANSHIP

Samuel Gardner, though born in Jelisavetgrad, Cherson province, in Southern Russia, in 1891, is to all intents and purposes an American, since his family, fleeing the tyranny of an Imperialistic regime of "pogroms" and "Black Hundreds," brought him to this country when a mere child; and here in the United States he has become, to quote Richard Aldrich, "the serious and accomplished artist," whose work on the concert stage has given such pleasure to lovers of violin music at its best. The young violinist, who in the course of the same week had just won two prizes in composition—the Pulitzer Prize (Columbia) for a string quartet, and the Loeb Prize for a symphonic poem—was amiably willing to talk of his study experience for the benefit of other students.

WIRE AND GUT STRINGS

"You ask about my violin? It belonged to the famous Hawley collection, and is a Giovanni Baptista Guadignini, made in 1780, in Turin. The back is a single piece of maple-wood, having a broadish figure extending across its breadth. The maple-wood sides match the back. The top is formed of a very choice piece of spruce, and it is varnished a deep golden-red. It has a remarkably fine tone, very vibrant and with great carrying power, a tone that has all that I can ask for as regards volume and quality.

"I think that wire strings are largely used now-a-days because gut strings are hard to obtain—not because they are better. I do not use wire strings. I have tried them and find them thin in tone, or so brilliant that their tone is too piercing. Then, too, I find that the use of a wire E reduces the volume of tone of the other strings. No wire string has the quality of a fine gut string; and I regard them only as a substitute in the case of some people, and a convenience for lazy ones.

VIOLIN MASTERY

"Violin Mastery? Off-hand I might say the phrase stands for a life-time of effort with its highest aims unattained. As I see it the achievement of violin mastery represents a combination of 90 per cent. of toil and 10 per cent. of talent or inspiration. Goetschius, with whom I studied composition, once said to me: 'I do not congratulate you on having talent. That is a gift. But I do congratulate you on being able to work hard!' The same thing applies to the fiddle. It seems to me that only by keeping everlastingly at it can one become a master of the instrument."

References

1."Collection: The Samuel Gardner Papers | Archives at Yale". archives.yale.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-20.

2. "Samuel Gardner, 92, Is Dead; Violinist and Juilliard Teacher". New York Times. New York. 1984-01-24. p. 25. Retrieved 2022-03-20.

In Spain, Ireland and Italy, they are known as "cineclubs", and in Germany they are known as "filmclubs". They usually have an educational aim, introducing new audiences to different audiovisual works through an organized and prepared program of screenings.

Editorial output reinforces the work of these organisations, as they produce hand-programmes, brochures, schedules, information sheets, and even essays, supporting the significance of their exhibitions. A common feature that may characterize a film society screening is that they begin with an introduction of the film to the audience, and end with the promotion of a discussion about the film, where assistants, organizers and sometimes the themselves, exchange their views.

There are networks in many different countries, and these are organized into federations, councils, collectives, and local networks. Famous film societies include Cinema 16, Cinémathèque Française, and the Film Society of Lincoln Center in New York City.

International

The film society movement originated in France in the time between the two world wars (see below). The international body for film societies is the International Federation of Film Societies. This international association was set up in 1947 in Cannes (France) among groups of film societies in countries throughout the world and this association is called Fédération Internationale des Ciné-Clubs (F.I.C.C.).

Australia

The national body for film societies in Australia is the Australian Council of Film Societies (ACOFS) was established in 1949.

Notable members of the Australian "film society movement" include Ian Klava, David Stratton, Michael Thornhill, Frank Moorhouse, Ken Quinnell and John Flaus.

Bangladesh

Film society movement in Bangladesh was started in 1963. The young generation of the '70s is continuing this society culture. From their effort, there are now quite a few film societies in Bangladesh. The parent organization is Federation of Film Societies of Bangladesh (FFSB).

Prominent film societies in Bangladesh are:

• Moviyana Film Society
• Dhaka University Film Society
• Chokh Film Society
• Jagannath University Film Society
• Women's Film Society Bangladesh
• Zahir Raihan Film Society
• Islamic University Film Society
• Ranesh Dasgupta Film Society
• Children's Film Society, Bangladesh
• Rainbow Film Society
• Chalachchitram Film Society
• Sylhet Agricultural University Film Society
• Chittagong University Film Society
• Rajshahi University Film Society
• BUET Film Society
• CUET Film Society
• Brac University Film Society
• KHULNA FILM SOCIETY
• Barisal University Film society
• Daffodil International University Film Society

Canada

The beginnings of Canadian film education may be traced to the relatively late arrival of the film society movement. While the earliest film societies were formed in Paris in 1924 and in London the following year, it wasn't until 1935 that Donald Buchanan assembled a sufficient number of film enthusiasts to launch the National Film Society of Canada. That organization, largely modelled on the British Film Institute, took as its mandate the establishment of a genuine film culture. Within a year, the society opened branches in Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.

After a wartime hiatus, the Canadian film society movement enjoyed what may now be seen as its golden age. The National Film Society, renamed the Canadian Film Institute in 1950, became a clearing house for a growing number of societies across Canada. It was soon a victim of its own success as the groups broke away in 1954 to form the Canadian Federation of Film Societies (CFSS). Spearheaded by Dorothy Burritt, CFFS member societies programmed ambitious retrospectives often accompanied by lengthy and erudite program notes.

Colombia

There are a number of active local societies including Pulpmovies an Cinema Solaz

France

The term "film club" appears for the first time in April 1907 with the creation of Edmond Benoit-Lévy [fr]'s "Film club." Located at the 5 Montmartre boulevard in Paris, it is to preserve and place at the disposal of its members all the cinematographic documents and productions existing. It is also equipped with a room of projection.

The Italian film theoretician Ricciotto Canudo who had been living in Paris since 1921 founded one of the first film societies.

After the first world war the film director and film critic Louis Delluc founded one of the first film societies and the important film magazine Cinéa.

In 1930 Jean Vigo founded the first film club in Nice, les Amis du Cinéma. In 1935 Henri Langlois and Georges Franju founded the film society Cercle du cinéma which became the Cinémathèque française in 1936 to show and to preserve old films.

After the second world war the movement of ciné-clubs boomed. In 1945 the film society of Annecy was founded from which originated the Annecy International Animated Film Festival. In 1948 André Bazin together with Jean-Charles Tacchella, Doniol-Valcroze, Astruc, Claude Mauriac, René Clément and Pierre Kast founded the avantgarde film society Objectif 49. Jean Cocteau became its president. This film society became the cradle of the Nouvelle Vague. Objectif 49 organized the Festival du Film Maudit which took place in Biarritz in 1949.

François Truffaut has depicted vividly Bazin's engagement in the ciné=club-movement:

"During the first days of our friendship - it was about 1947 - I had the chance of accompanying him at his film presentations and observing him who he projected two short films of Chaplin - first in a Dominican monastery and two days later to the workers in a metal factory in their short break between their lunch and their return to their workbenches. At both occasions he managed to inspire his audience and to draw everybody into the discussion."

The first French film society exclusively for women was founded in the 1970s in Toulouse.

In 2005 the Musée Dapper in Paris founded the first film society entirely concentrating on the cinema of Africa, the Caribbean and the African-American diaspora - the occasion being the celebration of 50 years of African Cinema.

There is a federation of clubs: the Fédération Française des Ciné-Clubs

Germany

The first film clubs developed in Germany after 1945 upon the suggestion the British and French after the Second World War, in order to promote non-political strictly cultural exchange and democratic consciousness. In the 1950s, the decade of the flowering of the film club movement, gave it a wave of reestablishments, also in the Soviet occupation zone and/or later German Democratic Republic. The film clubs became either independent associations or worked under a carrier, which itself education and culture had used up. From them important impulses for the German film landscape proceeded, for example the establishment of film festivals as from International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg.

In the German Federal Republic however the number of the film clubs decreased to such an extent that in 1971 the Federal association dissolved. For the 1970s stepped in many places local cinemas to the place of the film clubs. With the collapse of the German Democratic Republic, many East German film clubs lost the financial and organizational basis, succeeded also here unite the step to the local cinema.

There are two national bodies for film societies in Germany who are members of the International Federation of Film Societies, the Bundesverband Jugend und Film e.V., and the Bundesverband kommunale Filmarbeit.

Hungary

In Hungary, there is quite a vivid cine-club life with involving hundreds of viewers and dispute partners week by week... The first Hungarian film club is dated back to 1956, as you can read here.

India

Filmmaker Satyajit Ray founded the first Indian film society, the Calcutta Film Society in 1947. In 1959, Federation of Film Societies of India was formed as a central organization combining the film societies of Calcutta, Delhi, Bombay (now Mumbai), Madras (now Chennai) and Patna. Satyajit Ray was elected president. In Chennai, in 1981 Chennai Film Society was started by serious film buffs and film institute graduates. M. Sivakumar was its founder secretary and Sasikumar was its founder president. It was active for 15 years with screening of international films, conducting film appreciation courses, meeting up with film makers, screening retrospective of masters and anniversary film festival. It ran a film magazine in Tamil called Salanam for five years. With the advent of DVDs, satellite television channels, and many of its society organizers got active in film making, the Chennai film society slowly disappeared.

The first film society in Kerala was formed in Trivandrum in 1965. It was formed by the celebrated and award-winning director Adoor Gopalakrishnan. It paved the way for a new Malayalam cinema.

Indo Cine Appreciation Foundation in Chennai has been conducting an annual international film festival, Chennai International Film Festival (CIFF) every year in December- http://www.chennaifilmfest.com, http://www.icaf.in, an annual event since 2003.

According to film scholar Amrit Gangar it is necessary for a member to be at least 18 years old as film societies are allowed to show uncensored films being exempt from censorship laws. yadharthaa is a Film society functioning from 04-12-1978 in Madurai Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu Children Film Society organising Madurai International Children Film Festival from 2004.

Ireland

The Irish Film Theatre operated as a film club in Dublin from 1977 to 1984. It offered audiences art and international films not usually shown by commercial cinemas, and the venue was unusual in showing uncensored films. Irish censorship law only required films that were shown to the general public to be submitted for censorship, and films screened by clubs were exempt from censor review, and cutting or banning.

New Zealand

The first New Zealand Film Society was set up in 1945. In 2015 the New Zealand Federation of Film Societies represented fourteen regions.

Norway

Norwegian film societies are called filmclubs, and their national body is The Norwegian Federation of Film Societies. The first filmclubs were founded at the end of the 1950s in Oslo and Narvik, and since then the film society movement has thrived both in the big cities, and in more rural areas of Norway.

Poland

The national body for film societies in Poland is the Polish Federation of Film Societies (Polska Federacja Dyskusyjnych Klubów Filmowych - PF DKF). Its honorary chairman is Andrzej Wajda.

Portugal

The national body for film societies for this country is Portuguese Federation of Film Societies, founded in 1978. www.fpcc.pt

Spain

There are two federations of film societies in Spain representing Catalonia and Galicia, the Catalan Federation of Film Societies (Federació Catalana de Cine Clubs) and the Federation of Film Societies of Galicia (Federación de Cineclubes de Galicia).

Venezuela

Cine Club Monteávila

United Kingdom

The first film society was established in London in 1925 by a group of intellectuals and enthusiasts including Iris Barry, Sidney Bernstein, Adrian Brunel, Hugh Miller, Walter Mycroft, and Ivor Montagu, to show films which had been rejected on commercial grounds, most of them European, and films which had been rejected by the censor, most of them from the Soviet Union. It counted among its sponsors George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, and numerous members of the Bloomsbury group. It was simply called the Film Society, but is often referred to as the London Film Society as it was followed by many others in the next fifteen years. These included the Edinburgh Film Guild (1929, still in existence) and the Salford Workers Film Society (1930; this became the Manchester & Salford Film Society, still in existence), Its activities came to an end in 1939, though after the war the New London Film Society was something of a successor body.

The national body for film societies in the UK is the British Federation of Film Societies (BFFS). Most university and college students' unions have film societies, including the Warwick Student Cinema at University of Warwick, St. John's College Film Society at St. John's College, Cambridge, University of Cambridge, and one of the country's oldest UCLU Film & TV Society at University College London. In 2006, FILMCLUB was launched by BAFTA award-winning filmmaker Beeban Kidron and educationalist Lindsay Mackie to open up the world of film to primary and secondary school children in the UK.

United States

"From 1946 until 1954, 'Art in Cinema' presented programs of independent film to large audiences at the San Francisco Museum of Art and at the University of California, Berkeley." Inspired by film projections which Maya Deren had organized, Amos Vogel and his wife founded Cinema 16 in 1947.

Other film societies in the United States include:

• Austin Film Society (AFS)
• CWRU Film Society in Cleveland, Ohio
• Central Coast Film Society in California
• Columbia Film Society in Columbia, Maryland
• Columbia Film Society in Columbia, South Carolina
• Desert Film Society based in Palm Springs, California
• Enzian Film Society in Maitland, Florida
• Film Society of Lincoln Center based in New York City
• Houston Cinema Arts Society in Houston, Texas
• Park Circle Film Society in North Charleston, South Carolina
• North Country Film Society, which represents upstate New York
• Rehoboth Beach Film Society in Delaware
• Tallahassee Film Society
• Victoria Film Society in Victoria, Texas

The Nirta clan is allied with the Strangio clan in a vendetta against the Pelle-Vottari-Romeo families known as the so-called San Luca feud. The bloody feud between the clans began in February 1991 during a carnival celebration in San Luca when anger over an egg-throwing incident boiled over and culminated in the killing of two members of the Strangio-Nirta clan and the wounding of two others.

The feud re-exploded after a seven-year lull at Christmas 2006 when gunmen ambushed the Nirta’s son Giovanni Luca Nirta. He escaped unharmed but his wife Maria Strangio – a cousin of Giovanni Strangio – was killed. Giuseppe Nirta is accused of murdering Bruno Pizzata, a member of the Pelle-Vottari clan, on January 4, 2007.

The vendetta attracted international attention on August 15, 2007, when six men belonging to the Pelle-Romeo clan were shot dead in their cars in front of a pizzeria near train station in western Germany.

Nirta was one of Italy's 100 most wanted criminals and arrested on May 23, 2008. He was hiding in a bunker in San Luca. On July 12, 2011, the Criminal Court in Locri sentenced Nirta to life imprisonment for the Duisburg killings.

Teasdale attended the Woodstock music festival during the summer of 1969 where he met and became friends with future Videofreex co-founder David Cort. Both having brought video equipment, the pair collaborated in filming the festival, placing emphasis on the crowds rather than the musical performers in their footage. After an unsuccessful attempt to sell the Woodstock tapes to the CBS news program 60 Minutes, Teasdale moved to Manhattan to found Videofreex along with Cort and Cort's then-girlfriend Curtis Ratcliff (Boyle 1997, p. 15). CBS executive Don West quickly became interested in the newly formed group's work, particularly their portrayals of youth and 1960s counterculture. He funded the shooting of the pilot of a new program that might replace The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, which had recently been cancelled. The network declined to pick up the finished project, titled Subject to Change, deeming it too radical for network television.[5] Due to the high cost of rent in SoHo, several members of Videofreex including Teasdale decided to leave the city but remain part of the collective.[6]

Having received a grant of $40,000 from the Rochester Museum and Science Center,[6] several Videofreex moved to a large house in Lanesville, a rural village located in the southern part of Hunter, New York in the Catskill Mountains. Here, they began to produce live "narrowcasts" (Boyle 1997, p. 88) for the local community every Saturday night, and the Lanesville TV project became the first unauthorized television program. After the collective dissolved in 1978, Teasdale worked as a U.S. Federal Communications Commission consultant in its investigation of the legality of low power television.[7]

Teasdale collaborated with San Francisco-based video collective . He contributed to the editing of the independent documentary The World's Largest TV Studio, (Boyle 1997, p. 87), which provided coverage of the 1972 Democratic National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida. This work became the first broadcast television program to be shot with portable equipment.[8] Teasdale did not participate in the production of its Republican counterpart, Four More Years, instead turning his attention to independent television in his pursuit of liveness and the unconventional (Boyle 1997, p. 44).

In the 1980s, Teasdale went into the publishing industry and has held positions as editor of The Woodstock Times and The Independent. He now works as editor and publisher of The Columbia Paper, an independent newspaper based in Ghent, New York.[9] He also wrote Videofreex: America's First Pirate TV Station: The Catskills Collective That Turned It On (1999), an insider's account of the collective, and led the Videofreex in the collaboration The Spaghetti City Video Manual (1973), a technical guide to video equipment.[10]