Маргарита Тинякова

Representatives of the Scottish Fold breed can without a doubt be attributed to the most trouble-free in the sense of home maintenance and care.

They are surprisingly smart and friendly.

Among the features of behavior, one can note the love inherent only in this breed from time to time to become a column, taking the "meerkat pose".

Animals do this not for fun, but in order to relax the spine.

Surprisingly for cats, almost all lop-eared Scots do not really like the height, so you will not have to remove your pet from curtains or mezzanines.

As true representatives of the foggy Albion, representatives of this breed are very fond of society, but they cannot be called intrusive in any way.

They are playful and train well. There will definitely be no problems with accustoming the animal to the tray – all cats of this breed are extremely clean.

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She was born on a farm near the village of Poddegtyarnaya (belor. Paddzyagtsyarnya, now Pukhovichi district, Minsk region), in a peasant family. Education — secondary, 6 grades. In 1931, she took a job as a waitress in the canteen of the Council of People's Commissars of the BSSR. Soon she married B. A. Tarletsky, a chauffeur, an employee of the NKVD. In 1935, her son Zhenya was born, who died a year and a half later. After the birth of the child, Elena went to work in the recreation center of the Belarusian People's Commissar; in 1939, she suffered a premature birth; the child could not be saved. In the same year, Elena went to work in the canteen of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus.

After the fall of Minsk, Elena (her friends called her Galina, under this name she was known to both Germans and partisans) got a job as a cleaner in one of the German military units, then worked as a waitress in a factory kitchen and in a casino for German officers. At the beginning of June 1943, she was hired in a three-story mansion at 27 Teatralnaya Street, where the Commissioner General of Belarus Wilhelm Kube lived with his family.

By the time Elena started working in the mansion, Kube was already being hunted. Having received the sanction of Moscow, the partisan detachments operating in the Minsk area began preparing for the liquidation of the Commissioner General. So, on July 22, 1943, a bomb was detonated in the Minsk theater, which destroyed 70 German servicemen. However, Kube left the building just a few minutes before the explosion. On September 6, 1943, as a result of a terrorist attack in the officers' mess during a banquet, 36 high-ranking officials and officers were killed; the Commissioner General himself was not present at the banquet for some reason. The ambush on the road, which Kube often traveled, was also fruitless.

On August 8, 1943, one of the former cleaners who worked for Kube, Tatiana Kalita ("Tala"), introduced Elena Mazanik to an employee of the NKVD task force (the "Arthur" detachment, which operated as part of the "Uncle Kolya" brigade), Nadezhda Troyan ("Kanskaya"). During a number of meetings, Elena agreed to commit murder to Cuba (it was supposed to lay a mine or use poison), and as conditions, she set, firstly, the evacuation of her family (sister and her relatives) from Minsk, and, secondly, a personal meeting with the head of Hope Troyan, I. F. Zolotar. However, the impossibility of the meeting led to the fact that Elena Mazanik, although she continued to meet with Nadezhda Troyan, nevertheless stopped trusting her, and on September 16 declared it impossible to destroy Cuba for objective reasons.

It is worth noting that in addition to Hope Trojan, another partisan agent, Nikolai Khokhlov, tried to establish contact with Elena Mazanik. In August 1943, together with the German anti-fascist Karl Kleinung, he was thrown into the German rear under the guise of Oberleutnant Otto Wittgenstein. Acting from the positions of the task force "Yuri" (commander Emmanuel Kutsin), Khokhlov already met with Elena Mazanik on September 18, 1943 and tried to persuade her to arrange the murder of Cuba. However, the conversation ended in nothing: Elena did not believe Khokhlov and did not agree to cooperate with him.

Both of these refusals may have been due to the fact that by this time Elena Mazanik had been contacted by a liaison of a number of partisan detachments, Maria Osipova ("Black", "Heron"). On September 3, 1943, through the director of the Minsk cinema N. V. Pokhlebaev, she met Elena's sister, Valentina Shutskaya, and through Valentina she met "Galina". Osipova Elena Mazanik set the same conditions as Nadezhda Troyan: evacuation of her sister's family and a personal meeting with the commander. Since "Galina" herself could not leave Minsk, Valentina Shutskaya went to a meeting with the partisan commander — Major Nikolai Fedorov ("Kolokol", one of the leaders of the special squad "Dima"), and only after that Elena Mazanik agreed to discuss specific proposals for the elimination of Cuba.

The first proposal put forward by Osipova — to use arsenic to commit a terrorist attack — was immediately rejected by Elena, since the first one was a small child of the Commissioner General, which could lead to the disruption of the operation. As a result, it was decided to blow up the Cube. On September 20, 1943, the preparation of the operation was completed: Nadezhda Osipova handed Elena Mazanik a small mine and, just in case, poison for suicide.

At 22.00 on October 12, 1943, Elena Mazanik, along with other participants in the liquidation of Cuba, was sent by plane to the Soviet rear. After writing the report, she was still waiting for a thorough interrogation. Due to the special importance, the interrogation was conducted by the People's Commissar of State Security V. Merkulov, his deputy B. Kobulov and the head of the intelligence directorate of the General Staff of the Red Army F. Kuznetsov. As a result of the operation on October 29, 1943, Elena Mazanik (together with Maria Osipova and Nadezhda Troyan) received the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

After the war she lived in Minsk. In 1948 she graduated from the Higher Republican Party School under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, in 1952 — the Minsk Pedagogical Institute. From 1952 to 1960, Elena worked as Deputy director of the Fundamental Library of the Academy of Sciences of the Byelorussian SSR. Honored Worker of Culture of the Belarusian SSR.

Biography

Talented Ukrainians, having just appeared on the musical Olympus, immediately blew up the radio charts and won the hearts of millions of music lovers. The music of "Boombox" is lyrical, but at the same time strong, to

uching the hidden strings of the soul.

History of creation and composition

Initially, the Boombox group was created by Ukrainian musicians as an opportunity to bring personal ideas to life - the guys played in a close circle for themselves. Each had a permanent job in other well-known bands. Vocalist Andrey Khlyvnyuk sang as part of Graffit, and guitarist Andrey Mukha Samoilo and DJ Valentin Valik Matiyuk have been working in the Tartak group for 7 years.

Events developed dramatically. Upon learning that young people were trying to record a separate album, the leader of Tartak, Alexander Polozhinsky, considered this a betrayal, and the musicians left the band with the wording "intersection of business interests." Khlyvnyuk, on the other hand, stood at a crossroads - his native project was suspended. The guys decided to seriously develop the "Boombox", for a start, remaining in such a modest composition. Officially, the history of the creation of the group began in 2004.

The guys chose the name for a reason: the boombox (portable cassette recorder of the 80s) reflects the musicians' love for their work, and seems to indicate that the band belongs to an informal get-together.

Brigadier scout of the 67th detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade.

Lena was 15 years old when the war began. He already worked at the factory, having finished the seven-year plan. When the Nazis captured his native Novgorod region, Lenya joined the partisans.

He was brave and determined, the command appreciated him. For several years spent in the partisan detachment, he participated in 27 operations. On his account, several destroyed bridges behind enemy lines, 78 destroyed Germans, 10 trains with ammunition.

It was he who, in the summer of 1942, near the village of Varnitsa, blew up a car in which the German Major General of the Engineering Troops, Richard von Wirtz, was located. Golikov managed to obtain important documents about the German offensive. The enemy attack was thwarted, and the young hero for this feat was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In the winter of 1943, a significantly superior enemy detachment unexpectedly attacked partisans near the village of Ostraya Luka. Lenya Golikov died like a real hero - in battle.

Military pilot, commander of the 2nd squadron of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment, captain.

He worked as a mechanic, then in 1932 he was called up for service in the Red Army. He got into the air regiment, where he became a pilot. Nicholas Gastello participated in three wars. A year before the Great Patriotic War, he received the rank of captain.

On June 26, 1941, the crew under the command of Captain Gastello took off to attack a German mechanized column. It was on the road between the Belarusian cities of Molodechno and Radoshkovichi. But the column was well guarded by enemy artillery. A fight ensued. Aircraft Gastello was hit by anti-aircraft guns. The shell damaged the fuel tank, the car caught fire. The pilot could eject, but he decided to fulfill his military duty to the end. Nikolay Gastello directed the burning car directly to the enemy column. It was the first fire ram in the Great Patriotic War.

The name of the brave pilot has become a household name. Until the end of the war, all the aces who decided to go to the ram were called Gastellites. According to official statistics, almost six hundred enemy rams were made during the entire war.

On May 19, 1922, at the 2nd All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol, it was decided to create one of the most massive movements of teenagers - pioneer detachments. Despite the fact that a whole century has passed since the creation of the organization, Pioneer Day continues to be celebrated today.

Prerequisites for the creation of pioneers

The civil war that went on in 1917-1922 and the famine led to the fact that there were over 2.5 million orphans in the country. They were homeless and lived in terrible conditions, sometimes even in basements and attics. Some had to engage in begging, others - to steal and break the law.

The authorities began to organize orphanages and communal schools, but this was not enough. It was necessary not only to return the children to a prosperous life, but also to unite them on the basis of a common ideology.

At the end of 1921, the Central Committee of the RKSM created a special commission that was involved in the development of the program and principles of the new children's organization. Nadezhda Krupskaya played an important role in this. The idea of ​​​​creating a pioneer belonged to her. A prominent figure in the scouting movement, Innokenty Zhukov, came up with the pioneer motto "Be ready!"