Константин Арбузович

ANTONOV Alexei Innokent'evich - Soviet military figure, army general.

Born into a military family. He received his education at the gymnasium, graduating from 8 classes in 1915. In the same year he entered Petrograd University, but due to difficult financial conditions he interrupted his studies and went to work at a factory. He has been in military service since 1916. He completed an accelerated course at the Pavlovsk Military School and, with the rank of ensign, was sent to the Life Guards. Jaeger Regiment. Member of the First World War, in June 1917, wounded in battle near the city of Stanislav, assistant regimental adjutant. In May 1918 he was transferred to the reserve, worked in the food committee of Petrograd and studied at the Forestry Institute. In April 1919 he was drafted into the Red Army, a participant in the Civil War. He fought as assistant chief of staff of the 1st Moscow Labor Division (Southern Front), chief of staff of the brigade of the 15th Inza (from November 1920 - Sivash) rifle division, which participated in the battles against the troops of General P.N. Wrangel in the Crimea. After the war at the headquarters work. From 1922 to 1937, he went from chief of the operational unit of the headquarters of a rifle division to chief of staff of the Moscow Military District. In 1931 he graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze, in 1933 - the operational department of the same academy, and in 1937 - the 1st course of the Academy of the General Staff. In 1938-1941. Senior Lecturer and Deputy Head of the Department of General Tactics of the Military Academy of the Red Army. M.V. Frunze. In June 1940, Antonov was awarded the military rank of major general, and on the eve of World War II he was appointed deputy chief of staff of the Kiev Special Military District.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, A.I. Antonov headed the formation group of the Southern Front, and in August 1941 he was appointed chief of staff of this front. Under his leadership, a plan was developed for the counter-offensive of the Soviet troops in the Rostov offensive operation, as a result of which it became possible to prepare a counter-offensive of the Soviet troops in the main Moscow direction. In December 1941, he was awarded the military rank of lieutenant general. Since July 1942 - Chief of Staff of the North Caucasian Front, then the Black Sea Group of Forces of the Transcaucasian Front. In these posts, he showed deep knowledge and organizational skills. The troops of these associations participated in the Barvenkovo-Lozovskaya offensive operation, the Kharkov battle, the Donbass defensive operation, which developed into a strategic North Caucasian defensive operation - the first stage of the battle for the Caucasus. Since December 1942, the head of the Operational Directorate and Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Colonel General (since April 1943). On May 20, 1943, First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army. In August of the same year, he was awarded the rank of General of the Army. While working at the General Staff, the military talent of A.I. Antonova. High military-theoretical training, extensive practical experience and operational talent of A.I. Antonov in many respects contributed to the successful activities of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command.

Developed with the direct participation of A.I. Antonov's plans for strategic operations, such as East Prussian, Vistula-Oder, East Pomeranian, Vienna, Berlin, Prague, serve as an example of a creative approach to solving complex problems of strategic planning and command and control of troops. A.I. Antonov creatively solved the problems of Soviet military art, carefully assessed the strategic situation when developing the concept of the operation, trying to achieve a surprise attack on the enemy. The work of the General Staff was carried out in close cooperation with the front command: the considerations of the front command were evaluated and taken into account in the decisions taken by the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command.

February 17, 1945 Army General A.I. Antonov was appointed Chief of the General Staff. In 1945, Antonov, as a military representative, was a member of the Soviet delegation at the Crimean (February 1945) and Potsdam (July-August 1945) conferences.

After the war (from March 1946) 1st Deputy Chief of the General Staff, then Deputy Chief of the General Staff for the Ground Forces - 1st Deputy Chief of the General Staff. In 1948-1949. 1st Deputy Commander, and in 1950–1954 Commander of the Transcaucasian Military District. From April 1954 - 1st Deputy Chief of the General Staff. Since May 1955, Chief of Staff of the United Armed Forces of the member states of the Warsaw Pact. He was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 2nd-6th convocations. Urn with the ashes of A.I. Antonova is buried in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow.

He was awarded the highest Soviet military order "Victory". He was awarded the Russian Order of St. Anna 4th class, the USSR - 3 orders of Lenin, 4 orders of the Red Banner, 2 orders of Suvorov 1st class, orders of Kutuzov 1st class. and the Patriotic War of the 1st degree; foreign: MPR - Red Banner of War; Poland - "Virtuti Military" 1st class.

There are only four Olympic champions in athletics during the period of modern Belarus. One of the most unexpected, all the more valuable of them is sprinter Yulia Nesterenko. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the athlete in the 100 m final unexpectedly for many experts and analysts beat more famous runners and finished first with a score of 10.93 to win the medal of the highest rank. It was (and still is) almost outstanding at the time. Largely because the 100-meter dash is considered "royalty" for both men and women and is run entirely by Americans or people from the Caribbean. Where did such a fast-footed athlete come from in Belarus (as they call her "White Lightning")

Julia Nesterenko

There are only four Olympic champions in track and field in modern Belarus. One of the most unexpected, all the more valuable of them is sprinter Yulia Nesterenko. At the 2004 Games in Athens, the athlete in the final 100 m race unexpectedly for many experts and analysts beat more famous runners and finished first with a score of 10.93 to win the medal of the highest rank. It was (and still is) almost outstanding at the time. Largely because the 100-meter dash is considered "royalty" for both men and women and is run entirely by Americans or people from the Caribbean. Where did such a fast-footed athlete come from in Belarus (as they call her "White Lightning").

Julia Viktorovna Nesterenko is a native of Brest region. She was born in 1979 in Brest. A true Belarusian athlete, who grew up, studied, graduated from Brest University a year before the Olympics, and in 2004 triumphantly made history by becoming the fastest on the planet. Coach Vladimir Zinchenko played a major role in the formation of the athlete. Yulia not only agreed on a training plan with him, but also listened to every advice and instruction. Personal coaches of the athlete were Sergei Salyamanovich and Victor Yaroshevich. She has been a member of the "Dynamo" sports club since the beginning.

At the next Olympic Games in Beijing, Yulia Nesterenko could not repeat her outstanding achievement. Much to the regret of all fans and the athlete herself, she managed to get only to the semifinals. The quarterfinal heat was the best result of the season (11.14 seconds). In the next decisive stage Julia showed a bit less success (11.26) and was not qualified for the final race. By the way, repeating the results of the quarterfinals would have been enough. But not enough to win. Jamaica's winner Shelly-Anne Fraser ran much faster (10.78), and Julia would have had to reckon with a 7th or 8th place. To reach a peak of form and speed similar to four years ago did not work.

For a long time Yulia Nesterenko continued to do sports. She was preparing for the Olympics in London 2012, but a foot injury prevented her from performing at the games. Even at the next sports forum in Rio in four years she planned to take part, but after a sober assessment of her chances and form, she refused. A year later, in 2017, she decided to end her athletic career and take up coaching. It is hoped that her experience will nurture many talented Belarusian sprinters. It's been a long time since she won the Games in Athens, but the phenomenon of the runner who appeared in Belarus still remains unsolved. It cannot be said that the sprinter school of local athletics is underdeveloped. There are some results. But at the same time nobody managed to achieve even close to the demonstrated results. Remarkable is the fact that even the athlete herself could not come closer to her personal best (for example, at European and world championships).

The best result and personal record set at the Olympic Games in 2004 will remain the benchmark for Belarusian athletes for many years to come. Obviously, it will not take long before the national record of the women's 100m run is surpassed. In the next few major competitions Julia and her teammates only managed to win a bronze medal (which is also a decent result) in the 4x100m relay. Now the former athlete is training members of the border patrol team. She is planning to train young athletes in the near future.

We would like to offer you to look at all of Yulia's races at the 2004 Olympic Games, starting with the first leg. Exactly the distance covered and each of the races of 11 seconds! An unbelievable stability and impressive equanimity for the 25-year-old from Brest who managed to surprise the whole world. And so glorified the Belarusian sport. Belarusian sprinters have never risen to such a high podium before.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

He was born in Rechitsa uyezd, Minsk province (now Gomel region). His father was Antoni Ivanovich Goshkevich, a priest of St. Michael's Church in the village of Strelichyova, Rechitsa County (now Khoiniki District); his mother was Glikeria Yakovlevna Goshkevich; his brother was Ivan Antonovich Goshkevich (who became an archpriest of the Kiev-Podolsk Constantine Church); his nephew was historian V. I. Goshkevich.

In 1835 he graduated from Minsk Theological Seminary with first degree and was sent to St. Petersburg Theological Academy, which he graduated in 1839. The topic of his candidate's essay was "Historical Review of the Sacrament of Penance. He was engaged in the lithographic edition of the translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Russian. He was held administratively liable for an unauthorized translation by the Synod.

By the decision of the Holy Synod of August 29, 1839 he was enrolled in the Russian Spiritual Mission in China (1839-1848). He was a member of the 12th mission in Beijing. As a result of his stay in China he published articles in his fundamental research "Works of Members of the Russian Spiritual Mission in Beijing". He was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd class.

During his stay in China, he studied the country as a naturalist, in particular he was keen on collecting collections of insects and butterflies, which later joined the collections of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

After his return from China to St. Petersburg in 1850, he was enrolled as an official for special assignments in the Asia Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. In 1852 he was sent as a dragoon and adviser on the mission of Yevfimy Putyatin to Japan on the frigate "Pallada".

January 26 (February 7), 1855 he participated in the signing of the Treaty of Shimoda between Russia and Japan. On July 14, 1855 he left Japan on the brig "Greta", on which he was taken prisoner by the British in Hong Kong (August 1, 1855 - March 30, 1856). While in captivity he was composing the first Japanese-Russian dictionary (SPB, 1857) with the help of Japanese Tachibana Kosai Tatsibana-no Koosai, after his baptism Vladimir Iosifovich Yamatov; 1821-1885, Kumezo; a samurai from the Kakegawa clan.)

He returned to St. Petersburg in May 1856, where he received a medal of dark bronze on St. Andrew's ribbon "In memory of the war of 1853-1856", and on October 16, 1857 was awarded the Order of St. Anna 2nd degree with a crown and at the same time 500 rubles in silver. He was also awarded the "Badge of Merit for XV years.

December 18, 1857 he received the highest permission to publish "Japanese-Russian Dictionary", prepared jointly with Tatibana-no Koosai.

On December 21, 1857 he was appointed Imperial Consul of Russia in Japan by the Imperial order of the Civil Office.

In 1858-1865 years Consul of the Russian Empire in Japan (in Hakodate), where he arrived on October 24, 1858, on the clipper "Jigit". In the same year he went to Edo, the residence of the Shogun, to ratify the Edo treaty on trade and navigation. In 1860, as a ktitor and architect, he built the first Orthodox church in Japan under the consulate.

On his return from Japan in 1865-1866 he served in the Asiatic Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia with the rank of collegiate counselor (which corresponded in the table of ranks to the high VI class).

In 1866 he returned to his homeland, where he began working on a book "On the roots of the Japanese language," which was published posthumously in 1899.

In 1871 Goshkevich and his wife were confirmed to hereditary nobility. In 1872 they had a son, Joseph, who later became an honorary justice of the peace of Vilna district, the author of the book "Statistical Information on Peasant Land Management of Vilna province".

He died on his estate in the village of Mali (now Ostrovets district, Grodno region) on May 3 (15), 1875. He was buried in the Orthodox parish cemetery in Ostrovets (does not exist today). According to a local informant Lugowski A. I. Maldis indicated that the grave was near the beginning of the eastern wall of the church of St. Kozma and Damian (in 1866 - 1918 the church of the same name).

Memorial

In Mali village a memorial sign by Belarusian sculptor R.B. Grusha was erected in his honor. In the town of Ostrovets there is a bronze bust - chest portrait of Goshkevich, which was made by Belarusian sculptor Valerian Yanushkevich. One of the streets in Minsk is named after I. Goshkevich. At Hakodate Museum in Hokkaido, Japan, there is a bronze bust of Goshkevich made by Russian sculptor Oleg Komov in 1989.

The previously unknown species of insects (including two species of butterflies), most likely collected by his wife in China, Beijing (Goschkevitschii creeper) and Japan (Neope goschkevitschii), as well as a bay in North Korea; in Korean tradition, Chosanman Bay.