Aleksandr Tur

Imogen Poots began her television career in 2004 as Alice Thornton in the British medical television series Casualty. she appeared in one episode of the show Love Bites. Two years later, she made her film debut with a silent role in the critically acclaimed dystopian political thriller V for Vendetta. Her first success came in 2007 when she was signed to play Tammy Harris in Juan Carlos Fresnadillo's British sci-fi horror film 28 Weeks Later.

Having made a name for herself in film, Poots played several leading roles in films in the late 2000s and early 2010s, some of them were "Cracks" as "Poppy", "Centurion" as Arianna, "Chat" as "Eve" and "Fright Night" as Amy Peterson. In 2013, she appeared in the Jimi Hendrix biopic Jimi: All on My Side as Linda Keith alongside Andre Benjamin, Hayley Atwell and Burn Gorman. The same year, she appeared in another biopic, The Eye of Love, about English publisher, club owner and property developer Paul Raymond, and played the role of Debbie Raymond, Paul's daughter.

In 2014, Poots appeared in the American romantic comedy-drama film This Awkward Moment as Ellie Andrews alongside Zac Efron, Miles Teller and Michael B. Jordan. She also starred in the film adaptation of the video game Need for Speed. Poots played the role of Julia Maddon and appeared alongside Aaron Paul and Dominic Cooper.

Poots also has several other films on her resume, including the American horror thriller The Green Room and the experimental drama film The Knight of Cups. A highly sought after actress, she also starred in The Art of Self Defense, a black comedy.

2005 V for Vendetta

2007 28 Weeks Later

2007 Wish

2008 Me and Orson Welles

2009 Cracks

2009 Waking Madison

2009 Solitary Man

2010 Centurion

2010 Chatroom

2011 Jane Eyre

2011 Fright Night

2011 Comes a Bright Day

2012 A Late Quartet

2013 Greetings from Tim Buckley

2013 Jimi: All Is by My Side

2013 Filth

2013 The Look of Love

2014 That Awkward Moment

2014 A Long Way Down

2014 Need for Speed

2014 She's Funny That Way

2015 Knight of Cups

2015 Green Room

2015 A Country Called Home

2016 Frank & Lola

2016 Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping

2016 Killing for Love

2017 Have Had

2017 Sweet Virginia

2017 Mobile Homes

2017 I Kill Giants

2018 Age Out Joan

2019 The Art of Self-Defense

2019 Vivarium

2019 Castle in the Ground

2019 Black Christmas

2020 The Father

2020 French Exit

Imogen Poots is an English actress best known for her role as Tammy in the 2007 British science fiction horror film 28 Weeks Later. She has played several roles in films such as Jimi: All on My Side, The Look of Love, Need for Speed, and This Awkward Moment. Poots has also worked in television, making her debut in the British medical drama series Casualty back in 2004. Although the name is very popular among the younger generation of actors in the United Kingdom and was voted one of the "Most Desirable" women in 2013 on Askmen's 99 Most Desirable Women, Poots was not initially interested in entering show business. She wanted to become a veterinarian and even attended various seminars. However, she soon realized that she was not suitable for this profession, as she lost consciousness during one of the veterinary operations. Thus, she abandoned the idea of ​​becoming a veterinarian and became an actress instead.

What would this cyclic model of the universe mean for the Big Bang?

By Sophie Putka | Published: Friday, August 20, 2021

RELATED TOPICS: BIG BANG | COSMOLOGY

shutterstock_395839942

Vadim Sadovski/Shutterstock

What would this cyclic model of the universe mean for the Big Bang?

Meet the Big Crunch: In this theory on the origins of the universe, the Big Bang was not the beginning, but a repeating pattern of expansion and contraction.

By Sophie Putka | Published: Friday, August 20, 2021

RELATED TOPICS: BIG BANG | COSMOLOGY

shutterstock_395839942

Vadim Sadovski/Shutterstock

In Paul Steinhardt’s corners of the cosmology world, to say that history repeats itself would be a laughable understatement. That’s because according to him and a handful of peers, the universe’s form might be hurtling into a new cycle every trillion years or so.

“One hundred million years sounds like a long time, but cosmically it's like tomorrow,” Steinhardt says.

The professor of physics and director of the Princeton Center for Theoretical Science co-authored a paper on this topic, A Cyclic Model of the Universe, with Neil Turok. The cyclic model of the universe he helped pioneer is just that: a theory that the universe forms itself again and again in cycles.

Proponents of this model are asking us to rethink the Big Bang and the rapid inflation of the universe. They contend that doing so could fill in some of the biggest gaps in our common understanding of the way space and time work.

The generally accepted understanding of the universe is this: About 14 billion years ago, the Big Bang happened. In its early seconds, the laws of physics as we understand them didn’t apply. All that would eventually become matter burst forth in a matter of seconds — first particles, like electrons and photons, and eventually neutrons and protons, the building blocks of our atoms. Early seeds of stars, planets, and galaxies expanded out from that momentous point in time and space. It spread in such a way that the universe became highly smooth.

Smoothness, on an enormous scale, just means that things within the universe are relatively evenly distributed. That is, if you were to put a cube around one section of the universe, it wouldn’t be much more dense than another randomly placed cube. On a smaller scale, like between galaxies or within a solar system, matter is “lumpy” and filled with clusters.

Physicists theorize that shortly after the Big Bang, something called “inflation” occurred. Essentially, what was once a tiny, packed-together universe expanded out rapidly in a fraction of a second, and it continues to expand today. Inflation is part of the current standard model of the universe, called the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model. In LCDM, the shape of the universe’s trajectory looks, in some depictions, like a funnel, its wide top growing and spreading further out over time.

That’s one interpretation. But there are others that have arisen out of the same bits of information that scientists can actually observe and measure in real life — that is, observational astronomy. The real life information is crucial if scientists are to use models to make actual predictions about the future of our cosmos.

“Cosmology is kind of teamwork, you need some people focusing on really pragmatical and observational stuff and you need people to go sci-fi,” says Leonardo Giani, a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Queensland in Australia, whose studies focus on alternate models of the universe besides the standard model. “That's how it goes.”

Theoretical astrophysics is all about educated guesses that are shaped by the few things we do know for certain. Something called the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) contributes to a big part of that observable information. The CMB is made up of the traces of radiation left over from an early phase of the universe. Radio telescopes can pick it up, and then translate the waves into a heat-map image of sorts.

This image actually shows us how the contents of the universe were distributed about 400,000 years after the Big Bang — the earliest observable snapshot of a universe devoid of stars, solar systems and galaxies. Everything was closer together and almost uniform, except for tiny fluctuations that became the matter forming stars and galaxies. This image serves as evidence that the universe started packed together, and has expanded to where it is today.

We also know that the universe continues to expand, and can even measure, to some degree, how fast it’s doing so. The CMB also serves to confirm that an earlier version of the universe was very hot, and our era is much colder.

Steinhardt says a number of problems arise with the inflation model, which itself expanded and corrected previous models that arose from Big Bang theory. The inflation model was supposed to explain why, for example, the universe appears so homogenous on a huge scale without the same initial conditions. But, Steinhardt says, there are so many possibilities that arise from an inflationary model that it makes the model itself less useful.

Previous models, Steinhardt says, don’t rule out predictions about the cosmos that are wrong. “It's like I came to explain to you why the sky is blue, but then when you look at my theory more closely, ‘Oh! My theory could have also predicted red, green, polka dot, striped, random [colors],’” Steinhardt says. “And then you say ‘Okay, what good is that theory?’ ”

Then there’s the singularity problem. The inflation theory, Steinhardt argues, also gets stuck at the point “before” the Big Bang, because according to it, there is nothing before it. “The fundamental philosophical problem with the Big Bang is, there's an after but there's not a before,” Steinhardt says. “In a similar way, we don't know ‘one time only’ things that happened in history.”

Mathematically, the Big Bang looks like it came from an undefined state — something that isn’t explained by the laws of physics under Einstein’s theory of general relativity. This is also called a “singularity.” To Steinhardt — but not to everyone — that’s the mathematical equivalent of a red flag. “We all learned in school, when you get one over zero for an answer, you're in trouble, because that's a nonsense answer. You made a mistake.”

In a related problem, there’s also some difficulty in reconciling the inflation theory with string theory and quantum mechanics, says Steinhardt. If the model correctly described the universe, other accepted frameworks of physics would agree with it. Instead, Steinhardt says they’re at odds. “When one's thinking about cosmology, you’re often reaching across fields of thinking, which are quite distant, either on the astro side or on the fundamental physics side and seeing, do they fit together?” The cyclic model, he says, helps do this.

A cyclic model of the universe is designed to solve some of the seemingly unsolvable problems of the Big Bang and inflation models. “It allows us to go beyond the Big Bang, but without any kind of magical philosophical issues,” says Stephon Alexander, a professor of physics at Brown University, and the co-inventor of an inflation model of the universe based on string theory. “Because time has always existed in the past.”

Scientists have proposed a cyclic model that could work mathematically in a few ways. Steinhardt and Turok’s model of a cyclic universe is one of them. Its core principles are these: The Big Bang was not the beginning of time; there was a previous phase leading up to it, with multiple cycles of contraction and expansion that repeat indefinitely; and the key period defining the shape of our universe was right before the so-called bang. There you would find a period of slow contraction called the Big Crunch.

So, instead of a beginning of time arising out of nothing, the cyclic model allows for a long period of time in the lead-up. It claims to fix the same problems as the inflationary theory did, but builds even further. For one thing, the existence of time before the Big Crunch removes the singularity problem — that undefined number. It also utilizes string theory and quantum fluctuations.

Like the LCDM, a cyclic model would also account for dark energy, an unobservable force that scientists believe is behind the accelerating expansion of the universe. But in Stenhardt and Turok’s model, things get a little more like science fiction: Two identical planes, or “branes,” (in string theory, an object that can have any number of dimensions) come together and expand apart. We can observe the three dimensions of our plane, but not the extra dimensions of the other. Dark energy is both the force leading the branes into a collision, with separation between them. Expansion of the branes themselves follows, and dark energy draws them together again once they’re as flat and smooth as they can become.

Giani, the researcher, isn’t so sure, because of some of the assumptions this model brings in from string theory. He likes another cyclic model from Roger Penrose, a theoretical physicist at Oxford who came up with what Penrose himself called “an outrageous new perspective” on the universe. “I was completely amazed by it,” Giani said.

It’s hard to wrap your head around: In the distant, distant future, our solar system and galaxy will be engulfed by black holes, which eat up all the other mass in the universe, and then after an unimaginable amount of time, only black holes will exist. Eventually, only photons exist, which have no mass and therefore no energy or frequency, according to our accepted laws of physics.

Measurements of scale, Penrose explains, no longer apply at this stage, but the shape of the universe remains. At the moment of the Big Bang, he argues, when particles are so hot and close together that they also move at almost the speed of light, they also lose their mass. This creates the same conditions at the Big Bang as the cold, distant future universe. Their scale is no longer relevant, and one can beget the other. The remote future and the Big Bang become one and the same.

Ultimately, what humans can observe of our universe is limited. That’s why theories of the universe are never complete. They balance the small sliver of the universe we can observe with mathematical models and theory to fill in the rest. So, in cosmology, scientists search for observable phenomena that disprove their models, and reshape their theories again to suit the problem.

But as our technology rapidly advances, observations that support or detract from one model or another come more often. “It's completely worth making all this speculation in this work, because we are getting to the point in which this data will arrive,” Giani says. One such observation could produce compelling support for either a cyclic model or confirm the more accepted inflationary theory.

Because of how matter is distributed in our view of the oldest part of the universe (seen in the CMB), gravitational waves that reach us may be polarized, like light, at a particular frequency. Soon — within a few years, in fact — scientists may be able to determine whether this polarization exists. If it does, it will support the inflationary model. If this polarization doesn’t exist, it will undermine “slow contraction,” a hallmark of the cyclic model.

We’ll be one step closer to making sense of time and space, yet still on a journey within the cosmos that’s far from over.

Oleksiy Hennadiiovych Holoven is a Ukrainian volleyball playerplayer, passer, player of Lviv's Barkom-Kazhany National Team and the Ukrainian national team.

He was born on January 12, 1999 in Berdyansk, Ukraine. He has a younger brother.

As a member of the team of Kamyanets-Podilsky National University named after Ivan Ogienko in May 2019 he won the title of champion of the Student League of Ukraine.

After participating in one of the tournaments, he was invited to the Kharkiv sports boarding school to play for Lokomotiv.

He played in such teams as Kharkiv's Lokomotiv, VK MHP-Vinnytsia, in one of the Russian clubs. In the 2021/2022 season he became the captain of the Lviv VK "Barkom-Kazhany".

In 2020 he joined the Ukrainian national team and as a member of it reached the final of the Golden Euroleague 2021.

Vyacheslav Bobrov (born September 19, 1992 in Donetsk) is a Ukrainian basketball player for Montakit Fuenlabrada Liga ACB. He also plays for the Ukrainian national team.

. In the 2019-20 season, Bobrov averaged 7.4 points and 3.2 rebounds per game in the ACB League. On May 30, 2020, he signed a two-year extension with Fuenlabrada.

Calendula is a genus of about 15–20 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family Asteraceae that are often known as marigolds.They are native to southwestern Asia, wеstern Europe, Macaronesia, and the Mediterranean. (Other plants also known as marigolds, are corn marigold, desert marigold, marsh marigold, and plants of the genus Tagetes).

The genus name Calendula is a modern Latin diminutive of calendae, meaning "little calendar", "little clock" or possibly "little weather-glass".The common name "marigold" refers to the Virgin Mary. The most commonly cultivated and used member of the genus is Calendula оfficinalis, the pot marigold.

Calendula, otherwise known as Calendula officinalis, is a marigold plant that has historically been used for a host of different ailments, mainly those affecting the skin such as in the healing of wounds. The medicinal part of the plant is found in the beautiful, deeply rich colored orange and yellow flower.

The colorful petals are rich in flavonoids—naturally occurring compounds found in vegetables and fruits—that have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombogenic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities through different mechanisms of action in vitro and in animal models.

Calendula is a member of the Asteraceae/Compositae family and comes from the Asterales order. According to the USDA, its native locations are in Canada and the lower forty-eight states of the United States. Calendula is an annual plant, easily grown in average, moderately fertile, well-drained soils in full sun. It can be planted in flower beds, borders, cottage gardens, cutting gardens, or pots/containers. The fragrant leaves attract butterflies and the petals can be consumed and used in cooking.

Calendula oil is made by infusing the flowers in a carrier oil (such as olive oil or coconut oil). The oil can be used on its own or as an ingredient in ointments, balms, creams, or lotions. It can also be produced in tincture, tea, or capsule form. Decoratively, calendula petals have been used in floral displays and potpourri mixes. Be sure not to confuse calendula with ornamental marigolds of the Tagetes genus, which are commonly grown in vegetable gardens.

Calendula has been used to treat a variety of ailments affecting the skin as well as infections and fungus. Research suggests that calendula may be effective in treating diaper rash, wounds, vaginal yeast infections, and other skin conditions. Calendula has also been used as a pain reducer and inflammation reducer. It also has been used as an aid in treating cancer—specifically for treatment-related side effects (like radiation).

While there is some research suggesting the positive effects of calendula, the long-term use of calendula has not been studied and more research is indicated. Before beginning any treatment or supplement make sure to clear it with your healthcare professional.

Active ingredients of the calendula flower are naturally occurring chemicals, such as triterpene saponins (oleanolic acid glycosides), triterpene alcohols (α-, β-amyrins, faradiol), and flavonoids (quercetin and isorhamnetin).

The photoprotective effect of topical gel formulations is thought to be associated with an improvement in collagen synthesis in the sub-epidermal connective tissue. It is thought that the chemicals in calendula enhance new tissue growth in wound healing and decrease inflammation.

Animals studies have shown a relationship with calendula use and improvement of wounds. What about humans? A recent study published in The Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care examined the effectiveness of calendula ointment on cesarean scars in 72 women.

Researchers found that as compared to standard hospital treatment, those women treated with calendula ointment had a quicker healing time. They reported their incisions to be less red and swollen.

In a 2016 study published in The Journal of Wound Care, researchers used Calendula officinalis extract on people with venous leg ulcers. Their findings indicated that those treated with calendula had a 7.4 percent "healing velocity per week" as opposed to only 1.7 percent in the control group. In addition, researchers reported, "No adverse events were observed during the Calendula officinalis extract treatment."

Early research shows that using a calendula spray in addition to standard care and hygiene might prevent infection and decrease odor in people with long-term foot ulcers from diabetes.

Calendula is heavily marketed in the treatment of eczema and dermatitis; however, the research on calendula for treating eczema and dermatitis is limited. Because the plant has anti-inflammatory properties, applying it to skin conditions may reduce inflammation. However, there is no real clinical evidence to support its use for eczema.

In fact, the use of calendula may actually be irritating for young children with severe eczema, especially if they have an allergy to ragweed, daisies, marigold, or any other plant variety within that family.

Using calendula creams on diaper rash may be advantageous when compared to certain treatments, such as aloe vera gel. However, research indicates that calendula is inferior to bentonite solution. Researchers found that when treating infants with Bentonite, 88 percent of lesions in the Bentonite group started improving in the first six hours while this rate was 54 percent in the calendula group.

Researchers compared the use of calendula ointment to metronidazole (a common drug used to treat bacterial vaginosis) in 80 women who had been diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. They found that after one week of intervention, both groups of women were cured of their bacterial vaginosis and none suffered any side effects.

They concluded that for those women who would like to avoid taking drugs to treat bacterial vaginosis, calendula ointment may be a viable option. As for its effectiveness in treating yeast infections, one study published in Women and Health found that calendula cream was effective in treating vaginal yeast infections, but had a delayed effect as compared to standard medication (Clotrimazole).

The efficacy of calendula as a sunscreen was tested in vitro (meaning in a petri dish or test tube). The idea behind this study is that the properties of calendula as a cell rejuvenator may also hold true as a sunscreen. More research needs to be done in this area. Therefore, it's prudent to use an approved sunscreen for UV protection.

You should not use calendula if you are allergic to ragweed, daisies, marigold, or plants in the Asteraceae/Compositae family. Doing so could cause an allergic reaction.

Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should also avoid calendula because ingesting calendula may affect your hormone levels and induce menstruation.

Anyone taking medication or scheduled for surgery should discuss calendula use with their physician first.

Sagebrush, any of various shrubby species of the genus Seriphidium (formerly in Artemisia) of the aster family (Asteraceae). They are native to semiarid plains and mountain slopes of western North America. The common sagebrush (S. tridentata) is a many-branched shrub, usually 1 to 2 metres (about 3 to 6.5 feet) high, with silvery gray, bitter-aromatic foliage. The small, wedge-shaped leaves usually have three teeth at the outer end.

Sagebrush is a typical angiosperm, producing spores in flowers that develop male gametophytes (pollen) that generally are dispersed to other flowers where they complete their development by growing to the location (an ovule) of the female gametophyte (embryo sac) that developed from a haploid spore. Members of the Asteraceae have ‘flowers’ that are actually inflorescences. Many familiar members of the Asteraceae (asters, sunflowers) have two types of flowers in the inflorescence: ray flowers (‘petals’) and disk flowers. Other members of the family (dandelion) have only ray flowers. Sagebrush represents a third type of Asteraceae inflorescence, one that has only disc flowers. Sagebrush is also able to reproduce asexually by sprouting from underground rhizomes.

Sagebrush is often a dominant species in the areas where it grows and is an extremely important species to these communities, providing food for animals, including numerous insects, pronghorn antelope, rodents, and birds (e.g. sage grouse). The plant is not desirable for ranchers because cattle avoid the bitter foliage and considerable effort has been taken to remove sagebrush and replace it with more palatable species. But efforts are underway to preserve sagebrush and the unique habitat it is associated with, known as ‘the sagebrush sea’

Framed by an ex-partner for a murder he did not commit, Tobey Marshall, a financially struggling custom-car builder and street-racer, spends two years in jail thinking about one moment. Fresh out of prison he reacquires the fastest car his workshop ever built and sold, and seeks to enter a secretive and extremely high-stakes race known as The DeLeon. His purpose; redemption, recognition from the world of racing and to solve his problems. Yet all this fades in comparison to his driving reason. Revenge. Above all, revenge. This is a story about love, redemption, revenge and motor oil all swirled together.