Ars Dem

AMERICA, a part of the world formed by two continents - North. America and the South. America. A. is located in the Western hemisphere, between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The island includes the world's largest island of Greenland and a number of other nearby islands. In the North of the island, the Center of the Island is often distinguished (between the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Isthmus of Panama) and the island of the West Indies. The isolation of the North and South A. from each other, their remoteness from other parts of the world, means the size of the area and sharply different natural conditions (with the similarity of geologic. structures and relief) give reason to consider the North and South as independent continents. The border between them is usually drawn through the Isthmus of Panama. The total area is 42.5 million km2. Us. 479 million people (1967).

In April 1965, President Johnson undertook a "diplomatic. offensive" against Vietnam, patriots, offering in his speech in Baltimore negotiations "without any preconditions" and promised at the same time $ 1 billion in aid to the population of the Southeast. Asia, including Vietnam.

Despite the use of a large number of military assets by the United States, their military plans failed after failure. Patriotic. forces of the South. Vietnam not only repelled the onslaught of the enemy, but also expanded the liberated zone, disrupted the strategic plans of the aggressor and forced him to conduct exhausting, defensive, battles during October - December 1965.

The United States, using the Vietnam War, gave (by 1969) combat experience to more than two million people, including most of the flight crew and almost all personnel of the ships of the US Pacific Fleet. Amer. armed. forces in the South. Vietnam has put into practice the use of means of mass destruction (napalm, phosphorus, poisonous gases and toxic substances) against patriotic soldiers. strength and strength. population; they destroyed crops, vegetation and forests in the liberated areas, using the tactics of "scorched earth". This caused widespread outrage around the world. As early as the beginning of 1965, the Soviet Government sent a note of protest to the US government against the use of amer. troops in the South. Vietnam toxic substances.

During the 1965-66 dry season (October- May) amer. The command tried, relying on coastal bases, to seize the liberated areas of the Center with a series of mobile strikes. Vietnam (Pleiku, Kontum), dissect the forces of South Vietnam. patriots in two, pin them to the borders of Laos and Cambodia, and then destroy them. The operations of the US ground forces were supported by massive air strikes. blows. Amer. troops during the wars. The actions of 1965-66 (however, as in all subsequent years) resorted to inhumane methods of warfare prohibited by international law. right. The US military has turned Vietnam into a huge testing ground for testing and improving hundreds of types of weapons and military equipment.

In the south of Vietnam in the first half of 1965, major battles took place near the city of Shongbe, in the area of Baja and Quan-gngai and near the city of Dongsoai (north of Saigon). Amer. and South Vietnam. the units escaped complete destruction in these battles only thanks to the actions of Amer. aviation. Numeral amer. expedition. the corps grew rapidly and by the end of 1965 exceeded 185 thousand people. In 1965, the United States obtained the consent of its allies in the aggressive blocs (South Korea, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia and New Zealand) to send (from September) to the South. Vietnam military contingents to fight against South Vietnam. patriots.

The escalation (gradual expansion) of the US aggression against the DRV continued. July 9, 1965 amer. aviation began a systematic bombing of the southern regions of the DRV, located between the 17th and 19th parallels, and at the end of August began bombing irrigats. structures.

The continuous defeats of the Saigon army in the winter of 1964 - spring of 1965 made the United States face the need to assume the main role in conducting combat operations. March 8, 1965 in the South. In Vietnam (in the district of Da Nang), the first units of the American marine infantry landed, and in April, the command of the US ground forces in Vietnam was created, led by Gen. Westmoreland. On July 8, the US State Department officially announced the provision of amer. to the command in the South. Vietnam has the authority to use fully amer. troops not only in defense, battles (as it has been decreed so far), but also in offensive. operations against partisans. The NFOYU expressed its protest in this regard and stated that it considers itself entitled to appeal to the friendship, if necessary. countries should send their volunteers to South Vietnam.

On February 7, 1965, jet planes based on aircraft carriers of the US 7th Fleet bombed and shelled the city of Donghoi and other settlements of the DRV in the area of the 17th parallel, and from April the USA began to systematically bombing and shelling of the southern districts of the DRV. On April 24, 1965, President Johnson declared the entire territory of Vietnam and the Pestilence. the space along its shores is 100 miles wide, "the combat area of the US armed forces." The bombing disrupted the peaceful creative work of the DRV. In a short period of time, hundreds of thousands of young men and women voluntarily joined the army at the call of the Workers' Party of Vietnam (PTV), nar. the police, road repair crews; forced transfer of nar began. x-va on the rails of the military. economy, partial evacuation of the population of cities has been carried out, a wide network of reliable shelters and shelters has been created to protect the population. With the help of fraternal socialists. The country's air defense was rapidly strengthening. By the end of May, 300 amers were shot down over the DRV. aircraft, and during the whole of 1965 - about 800 US aircraft.

On February 7, 1965, jet planes based on aircraft carriers of the US 7th Fleet bombed and shelled the city of Donghoi and other settlements of the DRV in the area of the 17th parallel, and from April the USA began to systematically bombing and shelling of the southern districts of the DRV. On April 24, 1965, President Johnson declared the entire territory of Vietnam and the Pestilence. the space along its shores is 100 miles wide, "the combat area of the US armed forces."

In an effort to save the Saigon regime and keep the South. Vietnam under its control, the United States was forced to reconsider its strategy in Vietnam. After the meetings of the supreme generals of the United States in Saigon (March 1964) and Honolulu (May 1964) amer. the ruling circles in the summer of 1964 set a course for unleashing wars. actions against the sovereign socialist. the State of the DRV, with its support and assistance, exerted a decisive influence, as they believed, on the course of the military. actions in the South. Vietnam. In July 1964, the USA was sent to the hall. Bakbo (Tonkin Hall.) for patrolling the shores of the North. Vietnam military. ships of the 7th fleet. They were invading Terra. the waters of the DRV, provoking an explosion. collisions. In the beginning . On August 1964, the US Navy and aviation bombed and shelled a number of military units without declaring war. objects and settlements, points on the coast of the DRV. 6-7 Aug. the US Congress adopted a joint resolution (the so-called "Tonkin Resolution"), which authorized these actions amer. the military, granted President L. Johnson the right to use weapons. U.S. forces in the Southeast. Asia. Sov. Union and others socialist. The countries strongly condemned the provocations of the Amer. militaries against the DRV; The world community has qualified them as acts of unprovoked aggression by the United States.

In an effort to save the Saigon regime and keep the South. Vietnam under its control, the United States was forced to reconsider its strategy in Vietnam. After the meetings of the supreme generals of the United States in Saigon (March 1964) and Honolulu (May 1964) amer. the ruling circles in the summer of 1964 set a course for unleashing wars. actions against the sovereign socialist. the State of the DRV, with its support and assistance, exerted a decisive influence, as they believed, on the course of the military. actions in the South. Vietnam. In July 1964, the USA was sent to the hall. Bakbo (Tonkin Hall.) for patrolling the shores of the North. Vietnam military. ships of the 7th fleet. They were invading Terra. the waters of the DRV, provoking an explosion. collisions. In the beginning .

The US intervention in the internal affairs of Vietnam began during the War of Resistance of the Vietnamese People 1945-54 against the French colonialists. After the establishment of peace in Indochina in accordance with the Geneva Agreements of 1954. The United States began to force its plans to penetrate into the countries of the Southeast. Asia. The United States prevented the implementation of the main provisions of the Geneva Agreements on Vietnam, which stated the international recognition of independence, sovereignty and terr. The integrity of Vietnam, prevented consultations between the North and the South, disrupted the holding of general elections scheduled for 1956 and the subsequent unification of the country. South Vietnam was included in the "sphere of protection" of the aggressive SEATO bloc created by the United States in the fall of 1954. Since January 1955, the United States, in violation of the Geneva Agreements, which prohibited the entry of foreign troops into Vietnam. military personnel and the import of weapons, began to provide direct military support. assistance to the Saigon regime, send to the South. Vietnam is military. advisers and specialists, to organize and equip the sovr. arming the Saigon army, build on the territory of the South. Vietnam has its own military. bases. In order to suppress the liberate movement in the South. In Vietnam and perpetuating the split of Vietnam, they developed special plans for a "special war", including the Staley-Taylor plan (1.961), which provided for the "pacification" of South Vietnam within 18 months (mainly by the forces of the Saigon regime troops). For the leadership of the military. actions against South Vietnam. Patriots in 1961, Amer was created in Saigon. military. the headquarters is headed by Gen. Harkins, and in 1962 - amer. military. Command (Military Aid Command). Military. US personnel began to participate directly in combat operations against the Patriots. forces. By ser. 1964 in the South. Vietnam had about 25 thousand amers. military personnel, and numbers. The Saigon army exceeded 350 thousand people. Nevertheless, amer. the policy of the "special war" has failed. Saigon Army, armed. amer. armed and led by amer. military. advisers, was unable to resist the blows of the patriotic. forces (Liberation Army of the South. Vietnam, created in 1961). In the cities of the South. Anti-government protests of workers, students, intellectuals did not stop in Vietnam; Buddhists took an active part in the liberation struggle. By the autumn of 1964, South Vietnam. patriots under arms. The National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NFOYV) (established in December 1960) and with the support of the overwhelming majority of the population liberated about 3/4 of the territory. countries, expanding the so. o. terr. liberated areas (mainly rural areas).

The US intervention in the internal affairs of Vietnam began during the War of Resistance of the Vietnamese People 1945-54 against the French colonialists. After the establishment of peace in Indochina in accordance with the Geneva Agreements of 1954. The United States began to force its plans to penetrate into the countries of the Southeast. Asia. The United States prevented the implementation of the main provisions of the Geneva Agreements on Vietnam, which stated the international recognition of independence, sovereignty and terr. The integrity of Vietnam, prevented consultations between the North and the South, disrupted the holding of general elections scheduled for 1956 and the subsequent unification of the country. South Vietnam was included in the "sphere of protection" of the aggressive SEATO bloc created by the United States in the fall of 1954. Since January 1955, the United States, in violation of the Geneva Agreements, which prohibited the entry of foreign troops into Vietnam. military personnel and the import of weapons, began to provide direct military support. assistance to the Saigon regime, send to the South. Vietnam is military. advisers and specialists, to organize and equip the sovr. arming the Saigon army, build on the territory of the South. Vietnam has its own military. bases. In order to suppress the liberate movement in the South. In Vietnam and perpetuating the split of Vietnam, they developed special plans for a "special war", including the Staley-Taylor plan (1.961), which provided for the "pacification" of South Vietnam within 18 months (mainly by the forces of the Saigon regime troops). For the leadership of the military. actions against South Vietnam. Patriots in 1961, Amer was created in Saigon. military. the headquarters is headed by Gen. Harkins, and in 1962 - amer. military. Command (Military Aid Command). Military. US personnel began to participate directly in combat operations against the Patriots. forces. By ser. 1964 in the South. Vietnam had about 25 thousand amers. military personnel, and numbers. The Saigon army exceeded 350 thousand people. Nevertheless, amer. the policy of the "special war" has failed.

The US intervention in the internal affairs of Vietnam began during the War of Resistance of the Vietnamese People 1945-54 against the French colonialists. After the establishment of peace in Indochina in accordance with the Geneva Agreements of 1954. The United States began to force its plans to penetrate into the countries of the Southeast. Asia. The United States prevented the implementation of the main provisions of the Geneva Agreements on Vietnam, which stated the international recognition of independence, sovereignty and terr. The integrity of Vietnam, prevented consultations between the North and the South, disrupted the holding of general elections scheduled for 1956 and the subsequent unification of the country. South Vietnam was included in the "sphere of protection" of the aggressive SEATO bloc created by the United States in the fall of 1954. Since January 1955, the United States, in violation of the Geneva Agreements, which prohibited the entry of foreign troops into Vietnam. military personnel and the import of weapons, began to provide direct military support. assistance to the Saigon regime, send to the South. Vietnam is military. advisers and specialists, to organize and equip the sovr. arming the Saigon army, build on the territory of the South. Vietnam has its own military. bases. In order to suppress the liberate movement in the South. In Vietnam and perpetuating the split of Vietnam, they developed special plans for a "special war", including the Staley-Taylor plan (1.961), which provided for the "pacification" of South Vietnam within 18 months (mainly by the forces of the Saigon regime troops).

The US intervention in the internal affairs of Vietnam began during the War of Resistance of the Vietnamese People 1945-54 against the French colonialists. After the establishment of peace in Indochina in accordance with the Geneva Agreements of 1954. The United States began to force its plans to penetrate into the countries of the Southeast. Asia. The United States prevented the implementation of the main provisions of the Geneva Agreements on Vietnam, which stated the international recognition of independence, sovereignty and terr. The integrity of Vietnam, prevented consultations between the North and the South, disrupted the holding of general elections scheduled for 1956 and the subsequent unification of the country.