Artyom Kirillow

Multi-app user profiles

MetaGame uses IDX, Ceramic's identity protocol, to store profile data for Ethereum users that can be consumed, added to, or extended by any app in the Web3 metaverse.

Document database

ArcX uses streams to store mutable JSON documents, similar to a NoSQL document store. For their application, it was important that the documents were mutable, verifiable, and decentralized.

Multi-app data

Developers on the Daemon.Land platform use Ceramic and IDX to store user data, which makes it easy for users and their data to freely travel between different apps built with Daemon.Land

Cross-chain identity & reputation

RabbitHole uses IDX to link multiple Web3 wallets and Web2 accounts to a unified DID. After calculating an aggregate reputation score, they store this verifiable credential in the user's identity so it's usable on any Web3 application.

Trustless forums

BoardRoom stores proposals, comments, votes, and other user-generated content for their governance application. Since switching to Ceramic they've been able to boost engagement, increase trust in governance, and remove their backend.

Mutable NFT storage

GeoWeb needed a simple and trustless way to store editable NFT data that could only be updated by the asset's current owner. Ceramic's streams and NFT DID method were the perfect fit.

Decentralized identity

Build apps with interoperable, user-controlled data storage. DID DataStore supports DIDs for cross-chain IDs, streams for storage, and hubs for linking streams to a user. Identities are based on W3C standards and can be used with wallets from many different blockchains and Web3 platforms.

Peer-to-peer databases

Store and host all of your user data or application data in streams to eliminate centralized database servers, blockchains, or local storage. Streams are a backend replacement for storing user-generated content, user activity and history, application data and state, and much more.

Evolutionary files

Store editable, version-controlled documents, files, and media on IPFS that maintain a transparent and auditable history without needing to keep track of changing hashes. Streams have been used to store social media posts, news articles, blogs and publications, JSON documents, schemas, metadata, NFT assets, and verifiable credentials.

Ceramic is a decentralized data network that brings unlimited data composability to Web3 applications.

With Ceramic's permissionless data streaming network, you can store streams of information and ever-changing files directly on the decentralized web – and share updates with anyone in the world.

• Mutable streams
• Store, edit, and update content in stateful data structures on IPFS
• Immutable naming
• Reference content by a persistent ID instead of changing IPFS hashes
• Custom functions
• Write custom functions to process updates to your stream's state
• DID authentication
• Transact with streams using W3C standard decentralized identities
• Scalable consensus
• Per-stream consensus ensures data consistency and network scalability
• Host & deploy
• Make your streams available over a global peer-to-peer network
• Sync & share
• Query, sync, or subscribe to any stream using standard APIs
• Archive anywhere
• Backup the contents of your stream to IPFS, Filecoin, or Amazon S3

12. Developer Team
13. The core developer team is headquartered in Berlin, Germany, and is personally led by
14. TrustBase CTO: Mr. Symon Ho. The team is composed of PhDs and experts in
15. cryptography, security models and messaging protocols; they mainly focus on (provable)
16. security Decentralized algorithms for security, cryptography, and privacy: consensus and
17. optimization cryptoeconomics and game theory.
18. The other 15 members of the developer community come from three countries and regions:
19. the United States, Germany, and China. Under the leadership of Symon Ho, they jointly
20. participated in the construction and development of Subscript language optimization

• zCloak Network is a privacy-focused computing platform based on Polkadot. It uses a novel zk-STARK virtual machine for general purpose computations. It enables a new computation paradigm called the Cloaking Space, which provides a private and scalable computation environment for Web 3.0. With zCloak Network, people can use their real-world data for e.g. DeFi, NFT applications without disclosing their privacy. zCloak Network will adopt a business model of Zero-Knowledge Proof as a Service for major public blockchains. zCloak Network was formerly known as Starks Network.

zCloak Network is a privacy-focused computing platform based on Polkadot. It uses a novel zk-STARK virtual machine for general purpose computations. It enables a new computation paradigm called the Cloaking Space, which provides a private and scalable computation environment for Web 3.0. With zCloak Network, people can use their real-world data for e.g. DeFi, NFT applications without disclosing their privacy. zCloak Network will adopt a business model of Zero-Knowledge Proof as a Service for major public blockchains. zCloak Network was formerly known as Starks Network.

The Problem with Re-Execution

The re-execution method has been widely used by almost all the major public blockchain projects. It seems like the most straightforward way to re-create the blockchain world state and to verify the validity of a user-submitted transaction. However, this method suffers several severe disadvantages.

1) Privacy. Users have to submit their input data to the public network for nodes to verify the validity of their transaction. As a result, both the input data and the STF are exposed to the public. This is a huge problem if we were to use blockchain for privacy-sensitive applications such as identity, health-care and finance, etc. There has to be some way to use these private data without sending them to a blockchain node.

2) Scalability. The throughput of a blockchain network is usually measured by the number of transactions per second (TPS). The average TPS of Bitcoin is 5 and Ethereum 15 — far less than required in mainstream commercial applications. This is in part due to the computation overhead caused by the re-execution of each transaction in each node. If the time it takes to verify each transaction becomes shorter, the overall processing capability of the network will improve tremendously.

3) Computation restriction. In recent years, DeFi applications have been booming in Ethereum, for a good reason — the Ethereum smart contract is mostly suitable for processing simple logic/computation due to gas limit. If one tries to perform complex scientific computation in a smart contract, the gas fee will explode. Not to mention to re-execute this computation on each and every node. This definitely limits the functionality of a smart contract in a blockchain. For many real-world use cases and more complicated computations, one needs to find a way to circumvent this limitation.

4) State Explosion. As re-execution is the only way to restore the chain state, the transaction history of a blockchain has to be stored in full across all the nodes. For a slow chain like Ethereum, it already takes hundreds of GB storage for a miner node. For a fast one like Solana, it takes several PB storage for one-year’s transaction history. Gradually, small node runners will be forced to quit the network as they simply cannot afford the cost of storage. As such, big players will take control of the network and decentralization will be hurt as a result. It is thus vital to enable people to join in the network without excessive cost of hardware.

Our Solution: Verification Over Re-Execution

The aforementioned problems all result from the re-execution model used in public blockchains. If only there is a way to verify the validity (integrity) of a computation without re-execution!

Enter Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP).

ZKP is a cryptographic technology with two interesting properties — zero knowledge and succinctness. On one hand, you can use it to prove that you know a secret without revealing any knowledge about that secret. On the other hand, you can verify a large and complex computation is done correctly — a.k.a. computational integrity — with a tiny fraction of the efforts needed to actually perform the computation. If you look at the function we gave in the beginning of this article, this means we can prove the integrity of the STF execution without disclosing the input data or the computational process. We can also do long and complex computations off-chain and only leave the succinct proof on-chain for people to verify its integrity. As such, the problems of the re-execution model can be easily solved.

Self-Sovereign Data

Regain the sovereign control of your own data. 3rd parties cannot misuse your data if you never share them.

Self-Proving Computation

Run computation/analysis on your data in your own device, not in centralized servers. Use of ZKP to prove the integrity of your computation. Share only the results, not your personal data.

Zero-Knowledge Proof Virtual Machine

Zero-Knowledge Proof VM for general purpose computations. Automatic STARK proof generation/verification for customized computation. No need to hand-write your ZKP circuit anymore.

Zero-Knowledge Proof as a Service

Provide ZKP as a Service for blockchain data privacy applications. Usable for parachains in Polkadot/Kusama and Dapps in major public blockchains including Ethereum, Polygon, BSC, Solana, etc.

Unorthodox is the canary network on Kusama of Standard Protocol.

Standard Protocol is Polkadot's stablecoin for synthetic assets, building a new paradigm for a liquidity aggregation platform. Unlike most existing algorithmic stablecoins, Standard rebases its stablecoin supply in each era. It will act as the catalyst for other parachains' financial activities, enabling leverage trading and arbitrage in AMM created from liquidation. It will also open a protocol for a synthetic asset market with a decentralized oracle ecosystem.

Decentralized Oracle Ecosystem

Oracle clients from various sources (e.g. Binance, Coinbase, HydraDX, etc) can

provide aggregated price information so that the price cannot be manipulated by a

single entity.

Standard Protocol builds an oracle module to share block rewards with oracle

providers. Substrate enables developers to split block rewards to other network

participants in every era. Block rewards to oracle providers maintain an 8:2 ratio

between validators and the providers in an era. The total block rewards in each

era is 10% (governance controlled) of total STND produced in the era.

Oracle providers are selected using the phragmen algorithm. Selected oracle

providers have no fee.

Block can only have upto certain number of oracle transactions recorded. This is

to prevent too many oracle transactions taking up one block.

a. Oracles are used for generating synthetic assets from the stablecoin Meter

(MTR). Standard Protocol treats oracles like validators for operating across the

wide scope of the DeFi ecosystem.

Market Efficient Liquidity

Instead of hosting an auction for liquidating collateral, Standard Protocol deposits

liquidated collateral to its AMM pair so that Meter (MTR) holders can purchase

other liquidated digital assets. Standard protocol uses a built-in AMM module to

provide liquidation in a more market efficient way where liquidated assets are

utilized to conduct arbitrage trades.

Standard Protocol rewards stakeholders who find expired loans by giving them a

percentage (10% or more) of the collateral. The rest of it goes to Standard

Protocol's built-in DEX to provide arbitrage opportunities to stakeholders who use

the exchange.

Stable Base Price

By being algorithmically stabilized through rebasing, Standard Protocol provides

cash which can act as a base price. For speculating on a digital asset, Meter can be

used to estimate how much the asset is worth with the price pegged to USD.

Interoperable Ecosystem

Standard Protocol is a collateralized, rebasable stablecoin (CRS) protocol, working

across different blockchains as a form of smart contract in each network. Together,

the Standard Protocol ecosystem for interoperability represents a blockchain hub.

Standard Protocol will be able to share price information to other chains or fiat assets

without charging fees due to its self-sustaining oracle reward ecosystem.

Coinversation Protocol is the first DEFI2.0 protocol platform of Polkadot Ecology. It has been expanded from a synthetic asset protocol to a derivative ecosystem including parachains, DEX, synthetic asset, and stablecoin protocols.

Features:

Mint Center

The CUSD generated by the whole system users mortgaging certain collateral. The collateral includes interest-bearing tokens such as CTO and DOT, and users can choose the proportion of CUSD they need to exchange. If stable currency is used as collateral, because it is an interestbearing product, its leverage ratio will continue to decrease and it will never be liquidated.

Liquidity Mining

We will award $CTO to:

• Users who form 3USD LP with BUSD USDC USDT on Coinversation.

• Users who form CUSD+3USD LP

• CUSD-CTOLP users

• Users who stake $CTO

Oracle

Since the price of mortgage forging needs to be integrated from outside network, the oracle is the most important. The initial system will use off-chain oracle such as our partner Chainlink, DIA to ensure the stability of our forging and liquidation. We will work with multiple oracle to ensure users' assets.Cross-chain Interest When users put interest-bearing tokens such as CTO and DOT into our platform, the platform will show what chain they put into, what products they put into, and what the comprehensive rate of return is.

Platform Revenue

When users put in interest-bearing tokens and generate interest automatically. We will charge a certain percentage of the fee for the interest-bearing part, which we will vote on the chain to determine our percentage. This income will give dividends to $CTO collateralized users, and later we will bind with nodes and distribute rewards to users who vote for nodes. The fee for stable currency exchange will also enter the platform revenue.

Liquidation

The liquidator on the chain can become our liquidation robot. He will receive 5% of the total amount of liquidation as a reward. Anyone can participate in our liquidator. If bad debts occur, we will repay the entire mortgage system from the platform revenue.

Parachain

Coinversation will reserve 22.5% of the tokens for the Polkadot Parachain auction. This parachain will be used for the NFT and financial derivatives ecology, a scalable NFT protocol and financial derivatives platform based on Substrate.

System Workflow

Based on the stablecoin protocol of interest-bearing assets built on the Polkadot, using $DOT and $CTO issued by Coinversation to generate interest-bearing tokens, CUSD is synthesized through smart contracts and oracles. Users can mint CUSD by collateralizing tokens that can generate interest, such as CTO and DOT. Bridging USDT, USDC, and BUSD to the Coinversation to form the largest stable currency exchange platform in the Polkadot ecosystem. We will open the API to facilitate all parachains to access our stable currency exchange system and facilitate all chains users can seamlessly use Polkadot's cross-chain protocol.