Penumbra is designed to act as a shielded zone for the entire Cosmos ecosystem, recording any kind of asset in a single shielded pool. Cross-chain IBC transfers shield value moving into the chain, and unshield value as it moves out to other transparent chains. All transactions within Penumbra are fully shielded and private-by-default, unlike other privacy-enabled chains where shielded transactions are opt-in.
Building a fully shielded proof-of-stake chain means that staking and delegation must also be private. Otherwise, holders of the staking token would be forced to choose between maintaining privacy on the one hand and network security, governance, and staking rewards on the other.
The Fuel sidechain is designed handle large volumes of payments on Ethereum, and will reduce the cost Ethereum ERC-20 token transfers.
Anoma is a sovereign, proof-of-stake blockchain that enables private, asset-agnostic bartering. Anoma aims to create a system that allows any digital asset to function as means of exchange or payment, enabling individuals to choose what asset or combination of digital assets are used in their transactions and what values they signify. Unlike existing financial platforms, the goal of Anoma is not to introduce a specific asset intended to be used as money, but rather to facilitate private payments using arbitrary assets, independent of how and by whom they were issued. Anoma can also be utilized by individuals to barter: directly exchange goods, services, or any digitally representable valuable, including assets created on Anoma, assets sourced from other blockchains transferred to Anoma via interoperability protocols, and stablecoin forms of fiat currencies
Ceramic makes building applications with composable Web3 data When different applications reuse the same data models, their data is automatically interoperable. By decentralizing application databases, Ceramic makes data composable and reusable across all applications.
Gear is an WASM based smart contract platform, aiming to be a Polkadot and Kusama parachain, that enables developers to deploy their dApps in under 5 minutes.
Global system of connected computer networks to communicate between networks and devices.
The Internet is an international system of computer networks based on IP and the routing of IP packets. A detected connection system between sets of computers around the world has been detected, and its operation is detected by several systemically significant nodes.
The Internet provides the broadest opportunities for the free receipt and dissemination of scientific, business, educational and entertainment information. The global network connects practically all major scientific and governmental organizations of the world, universities and business centers, news agencies and publishing houses, forming a gigantic data repository for all branches of human knowledge. Virtual libraries, archives, news feeds contain a huge amount of text, graphics, audio and video information.
History
1) 1950s of the 20th century. The beginning of the development of the first computers and the birth of the concept of a single global network in the USA, Great Britain and France.
2) 1960s and 70s of the 20th century. Development of various data transfer protocols and the emergence of isolated networks - ARPANET, NPL, Telenet, CYCLADES, etc.
3) In the 1970s of the 20th century, a revolutionary breakthrough was the creation of the TCP / IP protocol.
4) 1980s 20th century. Combining hypertext documents into a single global network, creating the first supercomputer sites. The emergence of the first providers. Computer sales.
5) 1990s 20th century. Private networks are closed. Merging old and current networks, private connections to the world wide web from around the world. In connection with the spread of computers, the number of subscribers is growing, the first full-fledged reference sites appear.
6) 2000s 21st century. The commercial part of the Internet is being formed. Search engines are emerging. Computers evolve into PCs, various operating systems appear. Server technologies are rapidly developing, data centers are being built. The number of sites around the world is growing.
Web 1.0-3.0
Web 1.0 - the first iteration of the web represents the web 1.0, the early web allowed us to search for information and read it. There was very little in the way of user interaction or content generation - "only-read"
Web 2.0 - “read-write” web. It’s the ability to contribute content and interact with other web users.
Web 3.0 is “read-write-execute.” Most mentions of web3 treat it as an umbrella term, a vision of the future of the internet where ownership and power are more widely distributed. This vision is based on transparent digital ledgers known as blockchains (the technology that underpins cryptocurrencies), and it supposes that Big Tech will be rivaled by more democratic forms of internet governance where you, the user, will get a say — maybe even a vote — in big decisions about how platforms run.
A virtual server (VPS/VDS)
VPS/VDS (Virtual private server/Virtual dedicated server) - technology that provides users with dedicated resources on a server partitioned between different users.
The Virtual Server runs its own copy of the operating system (OS), and clients can have superuser access to that instance of the operating system, so they can install virtually any software that runs on that OS.
A virtualization software allows a server administrator to portion up all the available resources on a server into smaller portions.
VPS
A virtual private server can include Web server software, a File Transfer Protocol program, a mail server program, and multiple types of application software for blogging e-commerce. Virtual private servers connect shared Web hosting services and dedicated hosting services by mixing the difference between them because virtual dedicated servers can have their own copy of the operating framework. VPS supports the user with super-user privileges in the operating framework. VPS allows the user to install any type of software that is acceptable running on that operating framework.
VPS is an intermediate among shared and dedicated hosting servers, which is situated on an individual computer that serves multiple websites. A VPS is
a technique of dividing a physical server into multiple servers. Each has the proficiency to run its own dedicated device, operating framework, and each of the servers can be rebooted separately.
In VPS, the users have control over their own applications, which appears with the inserted bonus of shared server costs with different users. It supports root access with the advantage of disk area, CPU, and bandwidth. It runs an isolated procedure inside the webserver.
VDS
A VDS is a composite of complete server hardware, along with the operating system (OS), which is mechanized by a remote access layer that enables end-users to universally access their server via the Internet.
A VDS supports a remote dedicated server, although a VPS is a virtual machine (VM) on highest of a physical server that hosts VPS instances and sends host device resources.
VDS is a dynamic tool to customize your status infrastructure and to combine it with your complete architecture. VDS was created to overcome the drawback of identity data repositories and identity-consuming software by generating a highly versatile layer among them.
VDS services as an LDAP proxy, and supports a virtual directory facility. Further to its vast support for the LDAP protocol, VDS provides support for several different protocols as well, creating it a valuable device for developers and management alike.
A virtual server (VPS/VDS)