Oleksandr Yuriichuk

Charles University (abbreviation UK, Latin name Universitas Carolina) is the oldest and largest Czech university It is ranked as the best university in the Czech Republic and one of the top 1% of universities in the world.It was founded in 1348 by the Czech King Charles IV, after whom it is named.

Charles University is one of Europe's oldest universities, specifically the oldest north of Italy and east of Paris. The university was first subordinated to the rulers of the Bohemian lands, only later to the state. In the twentieth century it experienced a considerable flourishing, but this was negatively influenced by the Nazi occupation and the communist regime. It was the students of Charles University who played an important role in the Velvet Revolution, which led to the fall of the communist regime and the subsequent creation of a democratic state.

Charles University is made up of 17 faculties, 4 university institutes, 4 special purpose facilities and 5 other specialised departments. The University is not located in one campus, most of its units are located in different parts of Prague, only three faculties are located in other cities, namely the Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, the Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove. In addition to Czech students, there are also many foreign students studying there. The university provides social and accommodation scholarships and support for students with special needs, as well as accommodation and meals in its facilities to make studying accessible to students with disadvantages. The university also offers a number of other institutions of higher education.

Since its foundation, Charles University has been involved in shaping Czech social and cultural life. Its graduates have recruited leading figures in culture, business and politics. Many of its graduates have succeeded globally and achieved scientific excellence. Nobel Prize winners such as biochemist Carl Ferdinand Cori, biochemist Gerty Cori and chemist Jaroslav Heyrovský, famous writers such as Karel Čapek and Franz Kafka, politicians such as Czech President Edvard Beneš and the first Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia, Karel Kramář, as well as the founder of the Czechoslovak Republic and its first president, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, have graduated from the school.

TON is a third-generation proof-of-stake blockchain designed in 2018 by the Durov brothers, the founders of Telegram Messenger. Later, it was handed over to our open TON Community, which has been supporting and developing it ever since. TON was designed for lightning-fast transactions. It's ultra-cheap, user-friendly, and fully operational.

Apart from processing millions of transactions per second, TON blockchain-based ecosystem has all the chances to give rise to a genuine Web3.0 Internet with decentralized storage, anonymous network, DNS, instant payments and various decentralized services.

TON Blockchain

The heart of the platform is the unique blockchain with a scalable and flexible architecture consisting of a master chain and up to 2^92 accompanying blockchains. Top-notch approaches and methods implemented in TON make sure it will live up to its bold promise of processing millions of transactions per second.

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over 3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

Who Are the Founders of The Graph?

The Graph team includes professionals from the Ethereum Foundation, OpenZeppelin, Decentraland, Orchid, MuleSoft leading up to the IPO and acquisition by Salesforce, Puppet, Redhat and Barclays.

The initial co-founding team includes Yaniv Tal (project lead), Brandon Ramirez (research lead) and Jannis Pohlmann (tech lead).

The founders have engineering backgrounds and have worked together for 5-8 years. Tal and Ramirez studied electrical engineering at USC and worked together at MuleSoft, an API developer tools company that underwent an IPO and sold to SalesForce.

They previously co-founded a developer tools startup together and have spent a significant portion of their careers working to optimize the API stack. At their last startup, the founders built a custom framework on an immutable database called Datomic. The Graph was born from this vision to create immutable APIs and data access, using the GraphQL query language.

What Makes The Graph Unique?

The Graph is working to bring reliable decentralized public infrastructure to the mainstream market. To ensure economic security of The Graph Network and the integrity of data being queried, participants use Graph Token (GRT). GRT is a work token that is locked-up by Indexers, Curators and Delegators in order to provide indexing and curating services to the network.

GRT will be an ERC-20 token on the Ethereum blockchain, used to allocate resources in the network. Active Indexers, Curators and Delegators can earn income from the network proportional to the amount of work they perform and their GRT stake. Indexers earn indexing rewards (new issuance) and query fees, while Curators earn a portion of query fees for the subgraphs they signal on. Delegators earn a portion of income earned by the Indexer they delegate to.

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For more information about cryptocurrencies, check out CMC’s educational portal, Alexandria.

Curious about the latest crypto news? Read CMC’s blog!

How Many The Graph (GRT) Coins Are There in Circulation?

Total GRT supply at mainnet launch will be 10 billion tokens, with an initial circulating supply of ~1,245,666,867 GRT. New token issuance in the form of indexing rewards will begin at 3% annually and is subject to future technical governance by The Graph Council. You can read about GRT token economics here and distribution information here.

How Is The Graph Network Secured?

The Graph has built an open data layer on top of blockchains: Indexers can run their own Ethereum archive nodes to run Graph Node, or they can use node operators like Infura or Alchemy.

Any analytics company can build an application to query subgraph data that’s indexed by The Graph. Subgraphs are open APIs to be able to pull data from the blockchain in the most seamless and efficient way.