Aktau

From 1961 to 1963 Aktau settlement, Aktau city. From July 1, 1964 to September 13, 1991[3] the city was called Shevchenko, in honor of the Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko, who was in exile here in the middle of the 19th century.

The appearance of the city was the result of the decision taken by the leadership of the Soviet Union in the early 1950s to create a nuclear shield of the country with the participation of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building and under the control of the then Minister Yefim Slavsky. The city was built from scratch according to the master plan developed by the Leningrad Design Institute (as part of the development of new young cities in the Soviet Union). The institute's curator was architect Mikhail Levin. As a city-forming enterprise, the Caspian Mining and Metallurgical Combine (PGMK) [4] was built, which included the extraction of uranium ore, its processing and enrichment. The network of enterprises of this complex provided the main production with chemical reagents (nitrogen fertilizer and sulfuric acid plants), thermal power, water (CHP, BN-350). The infrastructure of the city was built, providing for the living of people in the waterless desert. The construction of the city was carried out by the Caspian Construction Administration (PCS) under the leadership of L. N. Tomashevsky. Aktau has no natural sources of drinking water, the city is completely supplied with recycled sea water: fresh water is produced from a highly mineralized natural source by diluting it with distillate produced from sea water in industrial multi-shell evaporation plants (“samovars”). For water supply to the city and enterprises, industrial desalination plants were built using secondary steam from a thermal power plant (including the BN-350 fast neutron reactor, currently shut down and muffled), which was the world's first nuclear desalination plant with a capacity of 120,000 m³ of water per day (see Mangistau nuclear power plant)

After the collapse of the USSR, Aktau basically became the center for the development of oil and gas fields, both old, discovered back in the 20th century, and new ones: Zhetybay, Kalamkas, Karazhanbas, Atambay-Sarytyube, Oimashi, Komsomolsky, Northern Buzachi, Karakuduk, Tolkyn and Arman.

Aktau is subject to the village of Umirzak.

In 2018, the fifth summit of the Caspian states was held in Aktau, which was attended by the presidents of Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.

The city is located on the coast of the Caspian Sea. Embankments and beaches stretch along the edge of Aktau. The city is supplied with drinking water by the MAEK water desalination station, which prepares and mixes the produced distillate from sea water with low-mineralized artesian water from the Kuilyus deposit, since there are no natural sources of drinking water near the city.

The climate is desert, arid with very hot summers, the average temperature in January is +1.4°C, in July +29°C. In summer the temperature can reach +45°C, while the soil heats up in the sun up to +70°C. All vegetation requires watering.

At the beginning of 2020, the population of the city is 183,097 people, as part of the territory of the city akimat 187,690 people.

Main article: Aktau Commercial Sea Port

The port of Aktau is located on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea and is the only port in Kazakhstan designed for the international transportation of various dry cargoes, crude oil and oil products. The creation of peripheral industrial centers, as well as the interests of strengthening the defense capability of the country of the former Soviet Union, required appropriate transport support, in particular, maritime communication. The Alyat-Aktau Port ferry across the Caspian Sea is part of the international Silk Road project (Ukraine-Georgia-Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-China), which bypasses Russia[10].

For transportation of products of the uranium industry and oil deposits of the Mangyshlak region in 1963, the port of Aktau was built.

Later, the port played a significant role in the construction of the BN-350 nuclear reactor, chemical industry plants and the city of Aktau itself.

The port's cargo turnover is 16.8 million tons per year, there are plans to increase the cargo turnover to 20.5 million tons.

The landmark of Aktau is a lighthouse located on the roof of a residential building, which is located in the fourth microdistrict[12].

Also, since 2018, a special rocky path on the seashore has been opened for residents of the city and tourists, which is a path of boards several kilometers long with multi-colored LED lamps, wooden railings and many benches.

Aktau has the longest pedestrian coastline in Kazakhstan, which is about five kilometers long.

One of the sights of Aktau is the Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden.

The beach season in the city lasts from the end of May to the end of August, when the sea heats up, the average sea water temperature is +18°C. The city has many modern recreation centers and beaches. Near the city of Aktau, the sea is cold most of the year.

There are two theaters: puppets and musical drama, cinemas.

Nightlife is developed in Aktau: there are many nightclubs and cafes.

Every year from 2012 to 2016, the Aktau Open Fest (AOF) was held in the city: this is an entertainment event that lasted three days (usually August 27, 28, 29) right on the seashore with songs performed by some of the most popular singers of the CIS and the region.

There is the Mangistau Regional Museum of Local History.

The city is based football club "Kaspiy" and a basketball club, with the same name "Kaspiy" Among the population are developed [source not specified 224 days] spearfishing under the NGO "Federation of Underwater Sports of the Mangistau Region", freestyle wrestling, boxing, judo and beach volleyball . From martial arts there are also kung fu, karate-do, BJJ, MMA, muay thai, army hand-to-hand combat, kickboxing, grappling, kudo, pankration department.

The appearance of the city was the result of the decision taken by the leadership of the Soviet Union in the early 1950s to create a nuclear shield of the country with the participation of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building and under the control of the then Minister Yefim Slavsky. The city was built from scratch according to the master plan developed by the Leningrad Design Institute (as part of the development of new young cities in the Soviet Union). The institute's curator was architect Mikhail Levin. As a city-forming enterprise, the Caspian Mining and Metallurgical Combine (PGMK) [4] was built, which included the extraction of uranium ore, its processing and enrichment. The network of enterprises of this complex provided the main production with chemical reagents (nitrogen fertilizer and sulfuric acid plants), thermal power, water (CHP, BN-350). The infrastructure of the city was built, providing for the living of people in the waterless desert. The construction of the city was carried out by the Caspian Construction Administration (PCS) under the leadership of L. N. Tomashevsky. Aktau has no natural sources of drinking water, the city is completely supplied with recycled sea water: fresh water is produced from a highly mineralized natural source by diluting it with distillate produced from sea water in industrial multi-shell evaporation plants (“samovars”). For water supply to the city and enterprises, industrial desalination plants were built using secondary steam from a thermal power plant (including the BN-350 fast neutron reactor, currently shut down and muffled), which was the world's first nuclear desalination plant with a capacity of 120,000 m3 of water per day (see Mangistau nuclear power plant) [5].

In 2018, the fifth summit of the Caspian states was held in Aktau, which was attended by the presidents of Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.

The city is located on the coast of the Caspian Sea. Embankments and beaches stretch along the edge of Aktau. The city is supplied with drinking water by the MAEK water desalination station, which prepares and mixes the produced distillate from sea water with low-mineralized artesian water from the Kuilyus deposit, since there are no natural sources of drinking water near the city.

The climate is desert, arid with very hot summers, the average temperature in January is +1.4°C, in July +29°C. In summer the temperature can reach +45°C, while the soil heats up in the sun up to +70°C. All vegetation requires watering.

InAt 2018, the fifthbeginning summitof of2020, the Caspianpopulation of statesthe wascity heldis in183,097 Aktaupeople, whichas waspart attendedof by the presidentsterritory of Kazakhstan,the Russia, Iran,city Azerbaijanakimat and187,690 Turkmenistanpeople.

Main article: Aktau Commercial Sea Port

The port of Aktau is located on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea and is the only port in Kazakhstan designed for the international transportation of various dry cargoes, crude oil and oil products. The creation of peripheral industrial centers, as well as the interests of strengthening the defense capability of the country of the former Soviet Union, required appropriate transport support, in particular, maritime communication. The Alyat-Aktau Port ferry across the Caspian Sea is part of the international Silk Road project (Ukraine-Georgia-Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-China), which bypasses Russia[10].

For transportation of products of the uranium industry and oil deposits of the Mangyshlak region in 1963, the port of Aktau was built.

Later, the port played a significant role in the construction of the BN-350 nuclear reactor, chemical industry plants and the city of Aktau itself.

The port's cargo turnover is 16.8 million tons per year, there are plans to increase the cargo turnover to 20.5 million tons.

The landmark of Aktau is a lighthouse located on the roof of a residential building, which is located in the fourth microdistrict[12].

Also, since 2018, a special rocky path on the seashore has been opened for residents of the city and tourists, which is a path of boards several kilometers long with multi-colored LED lamps, wooden railings and many benches.

Aktau has the longest pedestrian coastline in Kazakhstan, which is about five kilometers long.

One of the sights of Aktau is the Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden.

The beach season in the city lasts from the end of May to the end of August, when the sea heats up, the average sea water temperature is +18°C. The city has many modern recreation centers and beaches. Near the city of Aktau, the sea is cold most of the year.

There are two theaters: puppets and musical drama, cinemas.

Nightlife is developed in Aktau: there are many nightclubs and cafes.

Every year from 2012 to 2016, the Aktau Open Fest (AOF) was held in the city: this is an entertainment event that lasted three days (usually August 27, 28, 29) right on the seashore with songs performed by some of the most popular singers of the CIS and the region.

There is the Mangistau Regional Museum of Local History.

The city is based football club "Kaspiy" and a basketball club, with the same name "Kaspiy" Among the population are developed [source not specified 224 days] spearfishing under the NGO "Federation of Underwater Sports of the Mangistau Region", freestyle wrestling, boxing, judo and beach volleyball . From martial arts there are also kung fu, karate-do, BJJ, MMA, muay thai, army hand-to-hand combat, kickboxing, grappling, kudo, pankration department.

In 2018, the fifth summit of the Caspian states was held in Aktau, which was attended by the presidents of Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. At present, the city of Aktau is more like a resort for relaxing with the family, as well as for all kinds of water sports, especially in the summer there are the most beautiful sunsets that you can ever see...

СFrom 1961 поto 1963 посёлокAktau Актаускийsettlement, городAktau Актауcity. СFrom July 1 июля, 1964 поto September 13 сентября, 1991 года[3] городthe city was называлсяcalled ШевченкоShevchenko, in вhonor честьof украинскогоthe поэтаUkrainian Тарасаpoet Taras ШевченкоShevchenko, who находившегосяwas in exile вhere серединеin the XIXmiddle векаof здесьthe в19th ссылкеcentury.

Появление города стало результатом принятого руководством Советского Союза в начале 1950-х годов решения о создании ядерного щита страны с участием министерства среднего машиностроения и под управлением тогдашнего министра Ефима Славского. Город был построен с чистого листа по генеральному плану, разработанному Ленинградским проектным институтом (в рамках развития новых молодых городов Советского Союза). Куратором от института выступал архитектор Михаил Левин. В качестве градообразующего предприятия был построен Прикаспийский горно-металлургический комбинат (ПГМК)[4], который включал в себя добычу урановой руды, её переработку и обогащение. Сеть предприятий этого комплекса обеспечивала основное производство химическими реагентами (азотно-туковый и сернокислотный заводы), теплоэлектроэнергией, водой (ТЭЦ, БН-350). Была построена инфраструктура города, обеспечивающая проживание людей в безводной пустыне. Строительство города осуществлялось Прикаспийским управлением строительства (ПУС) под руководством Л. Н. Томашевского. Актау не имеет естественных источников питьевой воды, город полностью обеспечивается переработанной морской водой: пресная вода производится из сильноминерализованного природного источника путём её разбавления дистиллятом, производимым из морской воды в промышленных многокорпусных испарительных установках («самоварах»). Для водоснабжения города и предприятий были построены промышленные опреснители, использующие вторичный пар с ТЭЦ (в том числе и реактора на быстрых нейтронах БН-350, в настоящее время остановленного и заглушённого), который являлся первой в мире атомной опреснительной установкой мощностью 120 000 м³ воды в сутки (см. Мангистауский атомно-энергетический комбинат)[5].

После распада СССР Актау в основном стал центром разработки нефтегазовых месторождений, как старых, открытых ещё в XX веке, так и новых: Жетыбая, Каламкаса, Каражанбаса, Атамбая-Сарытюбе, Оймаши, Комсомольского, Северного Бузачи, Каракудука, Толкына и Армана.

Актау подчиняется посёлок Умирзак.

В 2018 году в Актау проводился пятый саммит Прикаспийских государств, участие в котором приняли президенты Казахстана, России, Ирана, Азербайджана и Туркмении.

The appearance of the city was the result of the decision taken by the leadership of the Soviet Union in the early 1950s to create a nuclear shield of the country with the participation of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building and under the control of the then Minister Yefim Slavsky. The city was built from scratch according to the master plan developed by the Leningrad Design Institute (as part of the development of new young cities in the Soviet Union). The institute's curator was architect Mikhail Levin. As a city-forming enterprise, the Caspian Mining and Metallurgical Combine (PGMK) [4] was built, which included the extraction of uranium ore, its processing and enrichment. The network of enterprises of this complex provided the main production with chemical reagents (nitrogen fertilizer and sulfuric acid plants), thermal power, water (CHP, BN-350). The infrastructure of the city was built, providing for the living of people in the waterless desert. The construction of the city was carried out by the Caspian Construction Administration (PCS) under the leadership of L. N. Tomashevsky. Aktau has no natural sources of drinking water, the city is completely supplied with recycled sea water: fresh water is produced from a highly mineralized natural source by diluting it with distillate produced from sea water in industrial multi-shell evaporation plants (“samovars”). For water supply to the city and enterprises, industrial desalination plants were built using secondary steam from a thermal power plant (including the BN-350 fast neutron reactor, currently shut down and muffled), which was the world's first nuclear desalination plant with a capacity of 120,000 m³ of water per day (see Mangistau nuclear power plant) [5].

After the collapse of the USSR, Aktau basically became the center for the development of oil and gas fields, both old, discovered back in the 20th century, and new ones: Zhetybay, Kalamkas, Karazhanbas, Atambay-Sarytyube, Oimashi, Komsomolsky, Northern Buzachi, Karakuduk, Tolkyn and Arman.

Aktau is subject to the village of Umirzak.

In 2018, the fifth summit of the Caspian states was held in Aktau, which was attended by the presidents of Kazakhstan, Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. At present, the city of Aktau is more like a resort for relaxing with the family, as well as for all kinds of water sports, especially in the summer there are the most beautiful sunsets that you can ever see...

С 1961 по 1963 посёлок Актауский, город Актау. С 1 июля 1964 по 13 сентября 1991 года[3] город назывался Шевченко, в честь украинского поэта Тараса Шевченко, находившегося в середине XIX века здесь в ссылке.

Появление города стало результатом принятого руководством Советского Союза в начале 1950-х годов решения о создании ядерного щита страны с участием министерства среднего машиностроения и под управлением тогдашнего министра Ефима Славского. Город был построен с чистого листа по генеральному плану, разработанному Ленинградским проектным институтом (в рамках развития новых молодых городов Советского Союза). Куратором от института выступал архитектор Михаил Левин. В качестве градообразующего предприятия был построен Прикаспийский горно-металлургический комбинат (ПГМК)[4], который включал в себя добычу урановой руды, её переработку и обогащение. Сеть предприятий этого комплекса обеспечивала основное производство химическими реагентами (азотно-туковый и сернокислотный заводы), теплоэлектроэнергией, водой (ТЭЦ, БН-350). Была построена инфраструктура города, обеспечивающая проживание людей в безводной пустыне. Строительство города осуществлялось Прикаспийским управлением строительства (ПУС) под руководством Л. Н. Томашевского. Актау не имеет естественных источников питьевой воды, город полностью обеспечивается переработанной морской водой: пресная вода производится из сильноминерализованного природного источника путём её разбавления дистиллятом, производимым из морской воды в промышленных многокорпусных испарительных установках («самоварах»). Для водоснабжения города и предприятий были построены промышленные опреснители, использующие вторичный пар с ТЭЦ (в том числе и реактора на быстрых нейтронах БН-350, в настоящее время остановленного и заглушённого), который являлся первой в мире атомной опреснительной установкой мощностью 120 000 м³ воды в сутки (см. Мангистауский атомно-энергетический комбинат)[5].

После распада СССР Актау в основном стал центром разработки нефтегазовых месторождений, как старых, открытых ещё в XX веке, так и новых: Жетыбая, Каламкаса, Каражанбаса, Атамбая-Сарытюбе, Оймаши, Комсомольского, Северного Бузачи, Каракудука, Толкына и Армана.

Актау подчиняется посёлок Умирзак.

В 2018 году в Актау проводился пятый саммит Прикаспийских государств, участие в котором приняли президенты Казахстана, России, Ирана, Азербайджана и Туркмении.