Alan Matheson Turing

During World War II, Alan Turing worked at the Government School of Codes and Cyphers, located in Bletchley Park, where work was concentrated on breaking Axis ciphers and codes. He led the Hut 8 group responsible for cryptanalysis of German Navy communications. Turing developed a number of breaking methods, including the theoretical basis for the Bombe, the machine used to break the German Enigma cipher.

After the war, Turing worked at the National Physical Laboratory, where he designed the world's first stored-program computer, the ACE. In 1948, the scientist joined the Max Newman Computing Laboratory at the University of Manchester, where he assisted in the creation of the Manchester Computers, and later became interested in mathematical biology.