Other attributes
Art history is a branch of art history and general history, the subject of which is the process and patterns of the development of the arts from the time of their inception to the present.
Within the boundaries of the subject of this scientific discipline, the tasks of discovery, study, attribution, accumulation and preliminary classification of works (the so-called object approach) are solved. The study of the relations of the general and the special is designed to carry out art studies.
The history of art, as a section of universal history, is based on key concepts developed by ancient culture and the Christian tradition of Western European civilization. This forced Eurocentrism is primarily due to the fact that Eastern cultures have different ideas about historical time and space. Euroscientific key concepts include: ideas about the unified orientation of historical time from the Creation of the world to the Last Judgment (the principle of human historicism and, in particular, artistic thinking), the concept of chronotope (unity of time-the place of creation of a work of art), a combination of accurate and intuitive methods of cognition, freedom of creative thinking, judgments and assessments, and much more. Many morphological systems have been developed in the history of art history. In antiquity, all the arts were divided into musical (which were patronized by Apollo and the muses) and mechanical, or servile (slave), associated with the physical labor despised by the ancient Greeks. In late antiquity, the concept of the "Seven Liberal Arts" was formed, divided into trivium (grammar, dialectics, rhetoric) and quadrivium (geometry, arithmetic, astronomy, music). It was only in the Renaissance that the familiar concept of fine arts as "elegant" (including architecture), as well as music and poetry was formed; a long process of self-determination of varieties and genres of artistic creativity has begun.
The morphological system of genera, species, varieties and genres of art has historical dynamics, various author's concepts, a complex and contradictory structure. In various morphological concepts, art activity is divided according to the way of perception of works into "auditory" and "visual" arts (I. I. Ioffe), according to the ontological criterion — into spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal (M. S. Kagan), according to the functional structure - into "pictorial" (painting, graphics, sculpture) and "non-imaginative" or bifunctional (architecture, applied art and design; S. H. Rappoport), into "linguistic" and "non-linguistic" (M. Rizer) according to the methods of shaping, techniques and materials, features of perception (phenomenological approach). The most archaic "subject approach", now rejected by most experts, divides the arts into pictorial and non-imaginative, or abstract. The subject of the display of fine art is allegedly exclusively external reality, unimaginative forms of art embody the inner world of a person (A. P. Marder). Genre differentiation is inherent in various types and mixed varieties of art.
Paleolithic Venus
1. Primitive art.
Stone Age - over 2 million BC - 3 thousand BC
1. Paleolithic - 33 - 10 thousand BC
-lower
-average
-upper – in the Upper Paleolithic - Aurignac – 30-25 thousand BC
-Solutrei – 19-16 thousand BC.
-Madeleine – 15-8 thousand BC
2. Mesolithic – 13-8 thousand BC.
3. Neolithic - 5 - 3 thousand BC.
Nifertiti
2. The art of the Ancient World.
Copper Age (Eneolithic) - 4-3 thousand BC
Bronze Age- 4 thousand BC - beginning . 1 thousand BC
The Iron Age - the beginning . 1 thousand - before the new era.
Chartres Cathedral
3. Medieval art.
395 – the division of the Great Roman Empire into Western and Eastern.
476 - the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) lasted until the 15th century.
1. The early Christian period – 313 - the "Edict of Milan" on religious tolerance is equated with the adoption of Christianity by Emperor Constantine.
2. Barbarian kingdoms – 6th - 10th centuries.
3. Romanesque period - 11th - 12th centuries.
4. The Gothic period – 13-15 centuries.
Sandro Botticelli. Slander
4. Renaissance Art
1. Italian Renaissance - Con. 13th- 16th centuries.
2. Northern Renaissance – 15th - 16th centuries. (countries north of Italy – the Netherlands, Germany, France).
5. Novoye vremya - 17 - beginning. 20th centuries .
Baroque, classicism.
Salvador Dali
6. The latest time.
1st half of the 20th century --- modernism is a set of avant-garde (advanced) trends of the 1st half of the 20th century.
- Fauvism 1905,
- Expressionism 1906,
- Cubism 1907,
- Abstractionism of the 10th
- Futurism 1909,
- Dadaism 1916,
- Metaphysical painting 1910,
- Surrealism 1924.
Vyacheslav Shlagin
7. The turn of the 20th - 21st century - transavangard.
