Burshtyn

The oldest information about the town dates back to 1554. From 1940 to 1962, Burshtyn was the district center. However, in the 1940s it lost its city status, and in the early 1960s - the status of a district center. From 1962 to 2014 as part of the Halych district of Ivano-Frankivsk region. In the 1960s, the Burshtyn TPP was built near Burshtyn, the last unit of which was launched in 1969. Since 2014, Burshtyn has become a city of regional significance, and in 2020, as a result of administrative and territorial reform - the center of the Burshtyn city united territorial community.

Burshtyn is primarily an industrial center, close to Burshtyn TPP, which is the largest thermal power plant in Western Ukraine. It is connected to the European energy system and provides electricity to part of Europe.

Geography

The Geometric Center of Ukrainian Galicia (within its current political borders) is located at 49 ° 15 ′ north. latitude, 24 ° 35 ′ east. longitude. This is the southeastern outskirts of Amber.

Name

Currently, there are 5 versions of the explanation of the name of the city of Amber.

1.folkloristic-microtoponymic - there are several poetic legends, but always associated with amber itself - scattering stones, breaking the necklace of a charming princess, and so on. It is purely the work of folk imagination and fantasy;

2.theological - the toponym of the town was formed directly from the name of the amber gemstone, as the town could have been an exchange or trade point of products made of this resin (according to I. Voychyshyn) or a place where amber was processed and decorated with jewelry (according to S. Babyshyn). and Yu. Kruglyak) or the place where he was actually found (according to the "Chronicles of the city of Burshtyn"). But in the historical sources known today [when?] There is no documentary mention of the presence of amber gutisk or place of sale of amber products in the vicinity of Amber. In addition, Burshtyn became Burshtyn only in the second half of the 16th century (before that the town was called Nove Selo);

3.anthroponymic - there is reason to believe that the toponym Amber was formed, as in many other cases, from the anthroponym, and in the historical sources of the Middle Ages preserved several mentions of people with such names. Thus, according to Galician judicial acts in 1648, the Kalush elder Samuil Poniatowski filed a lawsuit against the burghers and peasants for their participation in the autumn riots, and among others in the list of insurgents were Ivan and Hryts Burshtyny from the village of Sivka. Therefore, it is possible that the town was named after a new settler named Amber. Although there is no direct evidence of the involvement of people nicknamed Amber in the renaming of the New Village;

4.soil science - Lviv scientist O. Kupchynskyi includes Burshtyn in the group of settlements, the names of which were formed from the color of water and soil, although without sound argumentation;

5.linguistic - its author, a local teacher V. Matiyev suggested that the city got its name from the stone castle, which German builders and colonists-officials called their native language-burgstein.

After one of the last thorough researches, the local ethnographer Zenovia Fedunkiv came to the conclusion that modern Burshtyn received its current name in the second half of the 16th century after the reconstruction of the settlement of Novo Selo destroyed by Tatars or floods. At that time there was a practice of naming newly established settlements either by owners' names or by microtoponymic features - names of tracts, rivers, relief features, but since there is no direct evidence that the town received its name from people named Amber, it is likely that the settlement was named after geographical location. project, most likely from the tract.

History of Amber

Stone tools of the Bronze Age have been found near Amber, there are ancient mounds.

The first written mention of the settlement, which was the predecessor of modern Amber - New Village dates back to 1554 (according to other sources in 1436).

In the second half of the 16th century the town belonged to the Polish nobleman Skarbek. In October 1629, a famous battle took place near the city, in which the registered Cossacks and the crown army under the command of Stefan Khmeletsky defeated the Tatar invaders led by Salamet Geray, who were returning with the plundered from the Belz land. The attackers were driven all the way to Monastyrysk, where their remains were finally defeated.

From 1630 the owner of Burshtyn was the magnate Jablonowski. during the Polish-Turkish wars of the XVII century (1629, 1675) the city was repeatedly destroyed by raids by Tatars and Turks.

In the 1730's and 1750's, locals took part in the Oprysh movement.

Amber 1837. Engraving by Karel Auer

From the second half of the XIX century the city was a cultural and national upsurge. In the second half of the XIX century Amber had its own seal with the coat of arms - the image of a falcon.

It was the center of Burshtyn County: until 1867 - administrative, until 1919 - judicial.

On September 1, 1866, the first train Lviv-Chernivtsi passed through the Burshtyn station.

Since 1939 the city has been a part of the Ukrainian SSR. During the German-Soviet War (1941-1945), Burshtyn was occupied by the Nazis from July 4, 1941 to August 26, 1944. During and after the war, UPA units operated in the vicinity of Burshtyn.

In the post-war period, Burshtyn was rebuilt, in particular, the Burshtyn State District Power Plant (now Burshtyn TPP) was put into operation, and infrastructure was developed. Amber was the district center in 1940-1962. The suburban hamlet of Dubka was evicted.

With independence, Burshtyn TPP remains a working budget-generating enterprise, and Burshtyn again (1993) gained the status of a city.

On March 11, 2014, the city of Burshtyn was included in the category of cities of regional significance and removed from the Galician district

Descendant of Mozart in Amber

From 1809 to 1811, the son of the world-famous composer VA Mozart Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart lived and worked in Amber.

Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart

Franz Xavier Mozart was born on July 26, 1791 in Vienna. Here he mastered the piano and the theory of violin. At the age of seventeen, in order to earn some money, he moved to Lviv, where he received a lucrative offer to give music lectures to two daughters of Count Bavorowski in Pidkamen, not far from Rohatyn.Although the salary was quite high, the musician felt very isolated in this village, so a year later, in 1809, he accepted the offer of the imperial chamberlain (representative of the Austrian emperor in the town) von Janiszewski to teach music to his children in Amber. He lived here for two years. During this time he organized the first secular choir, staged plays, often gave concerts for guests of the Amber Landlord, where he performed his father's and his first musical works.The composer traveled a lot in Ukraine, where his concerts were perceived as encore. In 1838 the composer returned to Vienna and was elected honorary conductor of Mozart in Salzburg. He died on July 29, 1844 in the resort town of Carlsbad, where he was buried.

Ecology

According to the Correspondent magazine's rating compiled in 2010 on the basis of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on the degree of how many hazardous substances are emitted into the atmosphere of enterprises and transport of Ukrainian cities, Amber took third place among the most polluted cities in Ukraine, after Kryvyi Rih and Mariupol.

The biggest polluter of the city is Burshtyn TPP, which as of February 22, 2011 was one of the 10 most polluting objects in Ukraine.

Social spheres

Medical institutions of the city of Burshtyn:

City Hospital

clinic.

There are three secondary schools in Burshtyn, the Burshtyn Inter-School Training and Production Complex and the Burshtyn Gymnasium.

Preschool education is represented by kindergartens № 1, 2, 3, 6 and a school-kindergarten.

The city also has two special secondary schools:

Burshtyn Vocational School № 20 is a vocational school that trains service professionals, including cooks, waiters, bartenders, confectioners, accountants, cashiers, food and non-food vendors.

Burshtyn Energy College - trains junior specialists in full-time and part-time forms of education in the following areas: heat engineering (specialty "installation and operation of thermal power equipment of thermal power plants"), electrical engineering and electrical technology (specialty "installation and operation of electrical equipment of power plants and power systems") computer-integrated technologies (specialty "maintenance of automated thermal power equipment at power plants"), economics and entrepreneurship (specialties "banking", "business economics", "exchange activities")

Culture

Cultural institutions Amber:

House of Culture named after T. Shevchenko is the first public cultural institution of the city, its beginnings date back to 1908, when the well-known reading room "Prosvita" was built in the district, which has now grown into a people's house of culture.

Prometheus Palace of Power Engineers - founded in 1971 as a departmental and specialized institution of culture and leisure of employees of Burshtyn TPP, it has always functioned as a place of rest and development of amateur art for residents of the entire city of Burshtyn. It has a cinema and concert hall for 700 seats, a small hall for 250 seats, a conference hall for 60 seats, a library with a reading room, a gym.

The OUN-UPA Museum (official name - Museum of the Liberation Struggle of the Halych District) - was founded in 1996 on the initiative of the OUN-UPA Brotherhood of the Halych District Village and the Halych District Association of Political Prisoners and Repressed and approved by the extraordinary Halych District 1998. The exposition about Ukrainian patriots was placed in the Burshtyn Palace of Culture "Prometheus"

Olga Basarab Museum is a museum of the unconquered Ukrainian, public and revolutionary figure Olga Basarab.

Berehynia Historical and Ethnographic Museum (unofficial name - Opillya Museum) - the main social and public content of the Opillya Museum is the revival of spirituality, dissemination of folk customs, rituals, preservation of the best material and spiritual cultures of the ethnoregion.

3 libraries - children's, adult, trade union committee of http://zakhidenergo.com.ua/separate-units/dtek-burshtynska-tpp/.

Sport

Built in 1976, the Energetik sports complex now remains the main center for the development of sports, recreation and leisure not only for the residents of Burshtyn, but also for the entire Halych district. In 2018, the sports facilities combined sections of weightlifting, wrestling, football, karate-do and some other sports. Many Amber athletes are professionals. Rowers, karatekas and footballers achieved the greatest results in the professional arena.

Founded in 1948, Energetyk football club played in the first league of the Ukrainian championship.

Religion

The following religious communities operate in modern Amber:

Greek Catholic:

The Church of All Saints and the Holy Martyr Jehoshaphat is a majestic church consecrated on December 2, 2001.

the historic Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross [26] (XVIII century) in the old part of the city on Shevchenko Street;

Roman Catholic - Church of the Holy Trinity, the old building (XVIII-XIX centuries) of the cult building was returned to the Roman Catholic community in 1991; after major repairs and interior renovations, the church began to be used for its original purpose.

Orthodox Church of the Transfiguration (UOC-KP), in 1999 the community was formed, in 2002 a church was built and consecrated, which was dismantled in the village of Kopanky, Kalush district , № 771 in the register of monuments of the region), sold by the Orthodox community Kopanok and transported to Burshtyn.

Architecture

Traces of the ramparts of the city castle of the 16th century have been preserved in Burshtyn. Once in Burshtyn was built a magnificent palace of the owners of the town - Jablonowski, the facade of which was decorated with columns with capitals, and around the building was laid arboretum. For now, all that has survived from the Jablonowski family in Burshtyn is the Skarbek-Jablonowski tomb chapel-tomb built in 1813 in the central part of the cemetery.

The modern architectural face of the city emerged mainly in the first half of the 1970s, when a number of residential buildings, cultural buildings, industrial facilities, etc. were built in Amber.

City sculpture Amber.

a full-length monument to Taras Shevchenko - erected to the 180th anniversary of the poet's birth in 1994 (authors - sculptor Anatoly Kushch and architect Oleg Stukalov), erected near the Prometheus PC;

Monument to the Unknown Soldier - erected in the old part of the city;

A sculpture erected in honor of the poetess Martha Guy in the library of the Prometheus PC (author - sculptor Goloyad Bogdan Markovich, son of Martha Guy).

Monument to Olga Basarab; installed in the city center near the secondary school of I-III centuries. № 2.

Famous people

Władysław Zyła (1877–1925) was a Polish priest, art critic, historian of religion, and doctor of habilitation.

Kaban Fedir Mykolayovych - senior soldier of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, participant in the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2015-2016.

Mika Newton is a Ukrainian pop singer and actress.

Savchak Vadym Yevhenovych - soldier of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, participant in the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2014-2015.

Ludwik Finkel is a Polish historian.

Associated with Amber

Goloyad Halyna Omelyanivna (pseudonym Marta Hai; June 30, 1922 - January 2, 2003) was a poet and cultural figure who lived and worked in Burshtyn.

Volodymyr Sharan is a Ukrainian footballer and coach who has played for Karpaty (Lviv), Dynamo Kyiv and Dnipro (Dnipropetrovsk). He played 1 match for the national team of Ukraine. Pupil of CYSS Burshtyn (first coach - MS Segin).

Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, the son of the composer WA Mozart, lived in Amber in 1809.

Mykola Stepanovych Belogolovsky (1958-2014) - senior lieutenant of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, participant in the Russian-Ukrainian war.

Buried

Hryhoriy Tyskynevych was the hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks in 1610.

Great panorama of the city

Large panorama of the surroundings of the city of Burshtyn and Burshtyn thermal power plant