{Extracting features by transforming the feature space, e.g. multidimensional scaling; Mappings, e.g. subspace methods based on a criterion of topology preservation, e.g. multidimensional scaling, self-organising maps involving differential geometry, e.g. embedding of pattern manifold}
{Extracting features by transforming the feature space, e.g. multidimensional scaling; Mappings, e.g. subspace methods based on a criterion of topology preservation, e.g. multidimensional scaling, self-organising maps involving differential geometry, e.g. embedding of pattern manifold}