Humanoid robot

Participants in the DARPA-sponsored challenge competed for a prize pool of $2 million. The leading team, SCHAFT, was bought by Google.

Robonaut 2 was a humanoid robot included in the payload for a Space Shuttle Discovery mission which launched on February 24, 2011. Robonaut 2 was designed to perform simple tasks during spacewalks.

Salvius was the first open source robot to be built in the U.S. Made of salvaged parts, the humanoid robot was designed to perform a number of domestic tasks.

The Philip K. Dick Android is a humanoid robot modeled after science fiction writer Philip K. Dick. Hanson Robotics debuted the robot at Wired Nextfest in 2005.

Honda developed these robots through 1997.

Research and development work into WABOT-2 started in 1980. Researchers set the objective of playing a keyboard piano, which they deemed a sufficiently "intelligent task" for their robot to accomplish. Because of the relatively constrained nature of the task, the WABOT-2 was considered a "specialist robot." WABOT-2 was capable of conversing in Japanese, reading sheet music with its electronic "eye", and playing music using its mechanical hands.

In 1972, the research group completed the WABOT-1, widely considered to be the first full-scale humanoid intelligent robot. Using external receptors, artificial ears and eyes, and an artificial mouth, the WABOT-1 was able to communicate with a person in Japanese and measure distances and directions to objects. The WABOT-1 moved with its lower limbs, capable of grasping and moving objects with hands that used touch sensors. It's been estimated the WABOT-1 had the mental faculty of an 18 month-old human child.

In 1972, the research group completed the WABOT-1, widely considered to be the first full-scale humanoid intelligent robot. Using external receptors, artificial ears and eyes, and an artificial mouth, the WABOT-1 was able to communicate with a person in Japanese and measure distances and directions to objects. The WABOT-1 moved with its lower limbs, capable of grasping and moving objects with hands that used touch sensors. It's been estimated the WABOT-1 had the mental faculty of an 18 month-old human child.

Research and development work into WABOT-2 started in 1980. Researchers set the objective of playing a keyboard piano, which they deemed a sufficiently "intelligent task" for their robot to accomplish. Because of the relatively constrained nature of the task, the WABOT-2 was considered a "specialist robot." WABOT-2 was capable of conversing in Japanese, reading sheet music with its electronic "eye", and playing music using its mechanical hands.

First Law: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

Second Law: A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

Third law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law

With the publication of The Three Laws also added the word "robotics" to the English lexicon.

Eric is considered the first British robot. It was constructed by Captain William Richards and aircraft engineer Alan Reffell. At the opening of the event at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Eric rose to his feet, bowed, and gave an opening speech which lasted four minutes.

Eric required two people to operate and his "voice" was played through a speaker, which received signal using a radio antenna.

The play, which premiered on January 25, 1921, introduced the word "robot" to the English language. "Robot" came to largely replace other words like "android" or "automaton" in common usage. Čapek later credits his brother Josef for inventing the word, which is derived from the Czech word rozum, which roughly translate in English to "reason" or "wisdom".

Gaby Wood, writing in her 2002 book about androids, Living Dolls: A Magical History Of The Quest For Mechanical Life, describes the mechanism:

"Nine bellows were attached to three separate pipes that led into the chest of the figure. Each set of three bellows was attached to a different weight to give out varying degrees of air, and then all pipes joined into a single one, equivalent to a trachea, continuing up through the throat and widening to form the cavity of the mouth. The lips, which bore upon the hole of the flute, could open and close and move backwards or forwards. Inside the mouth was a moveable metal tongue, which governed the air-flow and created pauses."

da Vinci's robot was programmable and was capable of making a number of movements including sitting down, standing up, moving its head, lifting its visor, and playing drums.

In 2002, roboticist Mark Rosheim built a prototype of the robotic knight. Rosheim noted how da Vinci had designed the robotic knight to be easily constructed, without a single unnecessary part. Rosheim also used da Vinci’s designs as inspiration for robots he developed for NASA.