Kharkiv Oblast

History reference

The first traces of human presence are the early Paleolithic. Late Paleolithic sites, Scythian and Alanian tribes were also found. Slavic tribes have been living here since the first centuries of our era. From X century. part of the land was part of Kievan Rus.

After the Mongol-Tatar invasion in the XIII century. edge is empty. In the XVI century. active settlement by Ukrainians began. Already from the XVI century. Crimean Tatars constantly attacked Ukraine. In order to strengthen the borders, cities such as Voronizh, Belgorod, Tsareborisov (now Krasny Oskol), Tor, etc. were built.

The first large migration of Ukrainians took place in 1651, when the Cossacks settled settlements - the now known cities of Sumy, Lebedin, Kharkov, Akhtyrka. Therefore, over time, the region got the name of Sloboda Ukraine or Sloboda Ukraine, which included the current Kharkov region, parts of the Sumy, Donetsk and Luhansk regions. (now Ukraine), as well as the Voronezh, Belgorod and Kursk regions. (now Russia). In the XVII century. There was a regimental division inherent in the Hetmanate. 4 regiments were formed in Slobozhanshchina: Kharkov, Ostrogozhsky (Ribinsk), Sumy and Okhtyrsky. In 1734 they were charged 40 hundred and represented the territory of the current Kharkov region. From 1835, the Kharkov province was finally formed.

Among the most famous cultural centers of the Sloboda region are the monasteries that were erected immediately after the settlement of this region: Svyatogorsky (near Tsareborisov), Lebedinsky, Krasnokutsky, Kuryazhsky (near Kharkov), Zmievsky and others.

In the 19th century Kharkiv University becomes a cultural cell not only of Slobozhanshchyna, but of the whole of Ukraine.

Natural and recreational potential of the Kharkiv region: 135 territories and objects of the natural reserve fund, of which of national importance - 2 reserves, a botanical garden and a zoo in Kharkov, 4 parks - monuments of landscape art and local significance - 81 reserves, 39 monuments nature, 1 park - a reminder of gardening art and 6 reserved tracts. Favorable climatic conditions, picturesque landscapes, mineral water springs are the recreational resources of the region, on the basis of which resorts have been created: Berezovsky Mineralnye Vody and Rai-Olenevka.

Historical and cultural potential of the Kharkiv region: the total number of monuments of history, archeology, urban planning and architecture, monumental art in the region - 2535.

The most famous tourism objects of the Kharkiv region:

- a memorial complex of the Ukrainian philosopher-educator G.S. Skovoroda in the village. Skovorodinovka, - Intercession Cathedral in 1689;

- Assumption Cathedral in 1771;

- Catherine's Palace of the XVIII century;

- Art and Memorial Museum of I.Yu. Repin;

- Transfiguration Cathedral of the 17th century;

- Nicholas Church of the XIX century. in the city of Izyum, etc.

Historical and cultural reserves of the region

Historical and archaeological museum-reserve "Upper Saltov" - Volchansky district, with. Upper Saltov

Chuguivskiy Historical and Cultural Reserve. I. Repina - Chuguiv

WHERE TO GO FOR THE WEEKEND: 20 INTERESTING PLACES NEAR KHARKIV

Salt Lake

In the village of Antonovka, Kegichevo district, there is a unique salt lake of technogenic origin. It was formed in 1962. Then, while drilling a gas well, an accident occurred - a huge gas fountain burst out, and then a small earthquake occurred, from which a 60-meter crater was formed. The gas deposits were below the "salt layer", so after the explosion, the groundwater carried the salt to the surface, and a salt lake was formed. It has gradually desalinated over the years, but is still salty enough to keep a person on the surface, almost like the Dead Sea. Locals say that the salty water from the lake heals wounds well. There is also a legend about the gigantic depth of this lake: someone talks about 75 meters, about 200 meters, and someone about 2 kilometers!

Gomolshansky forests

50 km from Kharkiv in the Zmievsky direction in the valley of the Seversky Donets and Gomolsha rivers there is a protected park Gomolshansky forests. It is unique primarily for its flora and fauna. In oak groves, you can easily meet deer, wild boars, roe deer, hares, foxes... And water lilies grow on the lakes. But the Gomolshansky forests are known not only for their nature. There are also archaeological sites here: ancient settlements (Sukhogomolshansky or Velikogomolshansky), Scythian burial mounds, the ruins of the Cossack St. Nicholas Monastery - a reminder of the times of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. It was here that the ancient Muravsky Way once passed, along which merchants, nomads, ambassadors moved in the 16-18 centuries, and Crimean Tatars raided Russia. By the way, which is very convenient for experienced tourists - it is allowed to put up tents here.

Manor Shidlovsky

Much less "promoted" estate than the famous Sharovka, but no less picturesque. The building was built in the late 1770s as the estate of the aristocratic Shidlovsky family and was passed down from generation to generation until it fell into the hands of state councilor Grigory Shidlovsky. He decided to rebuild the estate in the style of the French King Louis XVI. It is in this form that it has reached our time. An interesting feature of the estate, more like a palace - the practical absence of sharp corners - they were not in the living room, nor in the huge ballroom. At the end of the 19th century, by decree of the Russian Emperor Alexander III, the palace in Stary Merchik was declared a state reserve. But this did not save him from destruction. In Soviet times, the estate housed a veterinary technical school, and since 1997 the mansion has been empty and is gradually being destroyed. In April 2018, a new misfortune struck the Shidlovsky estate - a major fire broke out there . The fire was extinguished for more than a day.

Cossack Mountain

Above the southern outskirts of the Korobovy Khutors, a sheer wall rises above the Donets Cossack Mountain, which holds many legends. In the 17th century, the Cherkasy Cossacks founded the Nikolaevsky Monastery here - now you can still see its ruins. According to legend, the Zaporozhye Cossacks also hid from the persecution of the authorities in this monastery. When the news of the approach of the punishers reached the monastery, the monks began to hide valuables: they buried gold in the valley, later called Golden, and poured silver directly into the lake, which has since been called White. Those wishing to stumble upon the treasure have dived into White Lake more than once, but so far to no avail. True, there is still silver in the water - laboratory studies have shown that the content of silver ions in the local water is much higher than in other reservoirs of the Kharkiv region.

Сhalk mountains

135 km from Kharkov in the north-east of the region there is the Dvurechansky National Natural Park. The hallmark of the park is the chalk mountains on the right bank of the Oskol River. But this is not all that is interesting here. The park is home to about 30 species of animals, birds and plants listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. Therefore, a walk here will be exciting for both children and adults. So, for example, in Dvurechansky park you can watch white herons, bitterns, geese, swans, partridges, kites, eagles. And in the floodplain of the Oskol River, a very rare bird nests - a great grebe or great grebe. From the Chalk Mountains you can go down to the sandy beaches, drink mineral water from springs and wander through the pine forest. Important information: since the park is located in the border area, it is advisable to have an identity card with you .

Kitsevo Desert

We are used to the fact that the typical landscape of the Kharkiv region is a forest-steppe. But in fact, our region can also boast of its own desert. It is called the Kitsevsky sands or the Kitsevskaya desert, and is located on the right bank of the Seversky Donets near the village of Kitsevka, Chuguevsky district. In Soviet times, there was a tank training ground here, so look under your feet - in the Kitsevsky Sands you can find very unusual souvenirs: shells, bullets, shot. Of course, already old and shot, so it's completely safe here. Animals are also found in the desert: foxes, ground squirrels, birds of prey soar above the sands, and bright lizards hide in the shade of stones. At the beginning of summer, the Kitsevskaya desert turns into a fragrant oasis: thyme and immortelle, blue flax bloom in the sands.

Veliko Burluk steppe

Velykoburlukskaya steppe landscape park is located 80 km from Kharkov. On a vast area of ​​2000 hectares, you can see steppe marmots or boibaks (babaks) in their natural habitat. Previously, the population of marmots in Ukraine was 10 times more than it is now. Animals have suffered from poachers, catching them for the sake of valuable boibach fat. And unusual birds are also found in the Veliko Burluk steppe. If you meet them, it may seem to you that this is a parrot or a hummingbird - they have such bright colors. But no - these are rare inhabitants of the Kharkov region, which are called golden bee-eaters. These birds nest in colonies in a sandy quarry of no less bright color.

Natural Park Slobozhansky

The main and most picturesque sights of this national park are swamps. Along the 3 km eco-trail you can visit 3 peat bogs in 2 hours. Excursion paid: for adults - 10 UAH, for children - 7 UAH. But this is purely a symbolic payment for what you can see. What exactly? For example, a carnivorous sundew plant that feeds on insects. Or beavers who build dams here. Or the Red Book Common Crane. Or turtles, wild boars, weasels and martens - but then how lucky. There are three organized recreation areas on the territory of the park: "Birch Guy", "Generous Galyavina" and "Forest Lake" with gazebos, tables, sheds, places for barbecue and toilets.

Canyon in Balakleysky district

There are very few people who know, but there is a real canyon in our area. And let it be on the Grand Canyon, like in the USA, but the place is really unique. Anyone who finds it will not regret it - the photographs will turn out to be of rare beauty. The canyon is located in the Balakleysky district between the villages of Chepel and Protopopovka. The largest rock will serve as your guide. If you are facing her, you need to go left and enter the forest. A couple of minutes - and the canyon itself will open in front of you. High walls made of solid chalk distinguish it from other similar objects in the Kharkiv region. The canyon is very similar to the Crimean canyons and gorges, only in a reduced form. More about the canyon

"Kharkiv Chernobyl"

In the Kharkiv region there are "abandons" that are very reminiscent of the ghost town of Pripyat. So the atmosphere of an abandoned city can be felt without leaving the region. One of these places is the children's camp of the Kharkiv Instrument-Making Plant. Shevchenko in Gaidar, Zmievsky district. Although lovers of dragging away a souvenir as a keepsake have already significantly "privatized" the atmosphere of an abandoned camp, the atmosphere of time frozen in the Soviet years still reigns here.

Blue Lake

In the Novovodolazhsky district, in the village of Novoselovka, there is an incredibly beautiful quarry. The Mining and Processing Plant has been extracting quartz sand in these places for more than 100 years, but few Kharkiv residents know about the blue lake located here. White, clean, sand creaking underfoot, clear blue water - a landscape reminiscent of a man-made exotic island. The only negative is that the plant's security often chases tourists, but here it's how lucky.

Museum of Grigory Skovoroda

The Literary and Memorial Museum of the Ukrainian philosopher Grigory Skovoroda is located in the former estate of the landowners Kovalevsky. There is a memorial room in the house - a "calm cell", in which Skovoroda liked to work and in which he ended his life in 1794. The museum contains Grigory Savvich's personal belongings: books, paintings, documents. There are a lot of mirrors in the rooms. According to the teachings of the philosopher Skovoroda, mirrors are the way to the knowledge of the inner world of a person. Many tourists come specially to look at the unique violin that Skovoroda's hands touched. It is the image of this violin that now flaunts on the 500 hryvnia banknote. On the territory of the estate there is a cozy park, maintained in perfect condition, and memorable places associated with the great thinker. You can see the skeleton of a huge 700-year-old oak tree on the bank of the pond with a memorial sign where the philosopher liked to work. In the square, not far from the house, there is the grave of G. Skovoroda. On the headstone stylized as a roadside stone, a capacious famous epitaph is carved: "The world caught me, but did not catch me."