Kostanay

Kostanay (Қостанай / Qostanai) former Nikolaevsk. City in Kazakhstan, the administrative center of the Kostanay region.

It is located in the north-west of Kazakhstan, in the northern part of the Kostanay region. The area is 240 km2.

Name

Until June 17, 1997, the city was called Kustanai, after the name of the tract on which the city is located on the banks of the Tobol River. The original name is Nikolaevsk.

In 1870, colonel-surveyor A. Tillo proposed to start building the settlement of Urbadai, thus it became the very first projected name for the future city on the Tobol River. With the arrival of General A. Konstantinovich as governor of the Turgai region, it was decided to start construction not near the Urdabai ford, but near the Kustanai ford. So in 1879, the name Kustanai first appeared in official papers. The local population called the future city differently: somewhere in unofficial documents it was called Novo-Nikolaevsk (U. Tyulkubaev, I. Urymbaev, B. Adaev and K. Adaev), somewhere as Novo-Tobolsk (architect B. Webel). Officially, these names were not used, but they were in the architectural project and were indicated by the relevant departments. In 1882-1884, the name Novo-Nikolaevsk was widely used, although the head of the Nikolaev district, State Councilor A. Sipailov, who stood at the origins of the founding of the city, as well as Bishop Veniamin of Orenburg and Ural, refer to it as a village in the Kustanai tract, without using any other names . But already in 1884, only the settlement of Kustanai was officially used in all departments, although everywhere it continues to be indicated in correspondence as Novo-Nikolaevsk or simply Nikolaevsk. Only on February 20, 1895, by the highest order of Emperor Nicholas II, the city received the final name Kustanay

In many cities of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine, in honor of the specified settlement under its former name (Kostanay), there is a Kustanayskaya street.

Geography

The city is located in the steppe zone in the north of the Turgai Plateau, in the southwestern part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Tobol River, 571 km northwest of Nur-Sultan (704 km along the highway). The nearest million-plus city is Russian Chelyabinsk, located 260 km (more than 300 km along the highway) northwest of Kostanay.

History

The development of the Kazakh steppes by Russian settlers began in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The area, which includes the modern city of Kostanay, was called the Nikolaevsky district, and the village of Nikolaevskaya was its center of control. The county was part of the Turgai region of the Russian Empire.

The administration of the county was carried out outside the territory of the county itself, which caused inconvenience.

Therefore, it was planned to establish a new economic center, with which all the main threads of trade and economic routes would be connected, in order to include this area in economic relations with the Urals, Western Siberia and Central Russia.

In October 1864, the head of the district, A. Sipailov, wrote a letter to Orenburg, proposing to build a city on the site of the Urdabay tract. He was one of the first who made a proposal for the location of the future city. In his letter, he described the area as follows:

This is the best place in the steppe, it is more or less central, especially during the summer migrations of the Kyrgyz. It is convenient both economically, for the inhabitants of the future city, and in relation to trade.

The Urdabai tract, located near the Tobol River, was chosen as a place for the construction of the city, but soon, after inspecting the area by the military governor of the Turgai region A. Konstantinovich, it turned out that the place was unsuitable. As a result, it was decided to build a city on the site of the Kustanai tract, which was located 8 miles downstream of the Tobol River. The city was given the name Nikolaevsk.

The construction of the city began in 1879 by order of the Orenburg Governor-General N. Kryzhanovsky. Initially, the population of the Nikolaevsky district consisted of indigenous people - the Kazakhs, who lived in 8 volosts, namely: in the Arakaragay, Dzhitygarinsky, Dambarsky, Amankaragaysky, Mendykarinsky, Saroysky, Chubarsky and Suunduksky volosts. But in connection with the construction of a new settlement in 1880, immigrants from the European part of the Russian Empire began to stay. Agricultural, cattle-breeding and horse-breeding development of this region began. Initially, the city had enterprises for the processing of agricultural raw materials and small tanneries and oil mills. In 1895, the Nikolaevsky uyezd was renamed into the Kustanai uyezd, and the city itself acquired the official name Kustanai after the tract of the same name.

One of the significant stages of the resettlement occurred at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries and was associated primarily with the opening of the Siberian railway and the Stolypin agrarian reform. At that time, the foundation of the Ukrainian community in Kazakhstan was laid.

In 1912-1913, the Chelyabinsk-Kostanay railway line was built and the railway station of the same name was opened. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was a major trade fair center in the Kazakh steppes. The Swiss citizen Lorets built the largest beer production plant in the South Urals and on the territory of present-day Kazakhstan, which is still operating, which was bottled in specially produced branded bottles, which was a rarity at that time. In 1942-1946, the Stalingrad Flight School was evacuated in the city, in 1946 it was relocated to Novosibirsk.

In the 1950s, the population of the city and the region increased markedly due to the development of virgin lands. At the eastern entrance to the city, from the side of the Tobol River, a large-scale architectural inscription-stele with five-meter figures was installed, similar to this one: “385 thousand tons of grain”, where the number of tons was updated every week.

On June 17, 1997, by decree of the President of Kazakhstan, the spelling of the name was changed, the city of Kustanay was renamed Kostanay, and the Kustanay region, respectively, into Kostanay region.

Kostanay (Қостанай / Qostanai) former Nikolaevsk. City in Kazakhstan, the administrative center of the Kostanay region.

It is located in the north-west of Kazakhstan, in the northern part of the Kostanay region. The area is 240 km2.

Name

Until June 17, 1997, the city was called Kustanai, after the name of the tract on which the city is located on the banks of the Tobol River. The original name is Nikolaevsk.

In 1870, colonel-surveyor A. Tillo proposed to start building the settlement of Urbadai, thus it became the very first projected name for the future city on the Tobol River. With the arrival of General A. Konstantinovich as governor of the Turgai region, it was decided to start construction not near the Urdabai ford, but near the Kustanai ford. So in 1879, the name Kustanai first appeared in official papers. The local population called the future city differently: somewhere in unofficial documents it was called Novo-Nikolaevsk (U. Tyulkubaev, I. Urymbaev, B. Adaev and K. Adaev), somewhere as Novo-Tobolsk (architect B. Webel). Officially, these names were not used, but they were in the architectural project and were indicated by the relevant departments. In 1882-1884, the name Novo-Nikolaevsk was widely used, although the head of the Nikolaev district, State Councilor A. Sipailov, who stood at the origins of the founding of the city, as well as Bishop Veniamin of Orenburg and Ural, refer to it as a village in the Kustanai tract, without using any other names . But already in 1884, only the settlement of Kustanai was officially used in all departments, although everywhere it continues to be indicated in correspondence as Novo-Nikolaevsk or simply Nikolaevsk. Only on February 20, 1895, by the highest order of Emperor Nicholas II, the city received the final name Kustanay

In many cities of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine, in honor of the specified settlement under its former name (Kostanay), there is a Kustanayskaya street.

Geography

The city is located in the steppe zone in the north of the Turgai Plateau, in the southwestern part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Tobol River, 571 km northwest of Nur-Sultan (704 km along the highway). The nearest million-plus city is Russian Chelyabinsk, located 260 km (more than 300 km along the highway) northwest of Kostanay.

History

The development of the Kazakh steppes by Russian settlers began in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The area, which includes the modern city of Kostanay, was called the Nikolaevsky district, and the village of Nikolaevskaya was its center of control. The county was part of the Turgai region of the Russian Empire.

The administration of the county was carried out outside the territory of the county itself, which caused inconvenience.

Therefore, it was planned to establish a new economic center, with which all the main threads of trade and economic routes would be connected, in order to include this area in economic relations with the Urals, Western Siberia and Central Russia.

In October 1864, the head of the district, A. Sipailov, wrote a letter to Orenburg, proposing to build a city on the site of the Urdabay tract. He was one of the first who made a proposal for the location of the future city. In his letter, he described the area as follows:

This is the best place in the steppe, it is more or less central, especially during the summer migrations of the Kyrgyz. It is convenient both economically, for the inhabitants of the future city, and in relation to trade.

The Urdabai tract, located near the Tobol River, was chosen as a place for the construction of the city, but soon, after inspecting the area by the military governor of the Turgai region A. Konstantinovich, it turned out that the place was unsuitable. As a result, it was decided to build a city on the site of the Kustanai tract, which was located 8 miles downstream of the Tobol River. The city was given the name Nikolaevsk.

The construction of the city began in 1879 by order of the Orenburg Governor-General N. Kryzhanovsky. Initially, the population of the Nikolaevsky district consisted of indigenous people - the Kazakhs, who lived in 8 volosts, namely: in the Arakaragay, Dzhitygarinsky, Dambarsky, Amankaragaysky, Mendykarinsky, Saroysky, Chubarsky and Suunduksky volosts. But in connection with the construction of a new settlement in 1880, immigrants from the European part of the Russian Empire began to stay. Agricultural, cattle-breeding and horse-breeding development of this region began. Initially, the city had enterprises for the processing of agricultural raw materials and small tanneries and oil mills. In 1895, the Nikolaevsky uyezd was renamed into the Kustanai uyezd, and the city itself acquired the official name Kustanai after the tract of the same name.

One of the significant stages of the resettlement occurred at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries and was associated primarily with the opening of the Siberian railway and the Stolypin agrarian reform. At that time, the foundation of the Ukrainian community in Kazakhstan was laid.

In 1912-1913, the Chelyabinsk-Kostanay railway line was built and the railway station of the same name was opened. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was a major trade fair center in the Kazakh steppes. The Swiss citizen Lorets built the largest beer production plant in the South Urals and on the territory of present-day Kazakhstan, which is still operating, which was bottled in specially produced branded bottles, which was a rarity at that time. In 1942-1946, the Stalingrad Flight School was evacuated in the city, in 1946 it was relocated to Novosibirsk.

In the 1950s, the population of the city and the region increased markedly due to the development of virgin lands. At the eastern entrance to the city, from the side of the Tobol River, a large-scale architectural inscription-stele with five-meter figures was installed, similar to this one: “385 thousand tons of grain”, where the number of tons was updated every week.

On June 17, 1997, by decree of the President of Kazakhstan, the spelling of the name was changed, the city of Kustanay was renamed Kostanay, and the Kustanay region, respectively, into Kostanay region.