Mogilev Province is a province in the west of the Russian Empire.
It was formed on May 28, 1772 after the first partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from part of the Belarusian territories that were ceded to Russia (the northern part became part of Pskov province). Initially, Mogilev province included Mogilev, Vitebsk, Orsha and Rogachev provinces, but already on October 25, 1772, Vitebsk province moved to Pskov province, and Mstislav province was formed in Mogilev province.
In 1777, Mogilev province was divided into 12 counties. On January 10, 1778, the province was transformed into the Mogilev governorate, which on December 12, 1796 was merged with the Polotsk governorate and the Belarusian Governorate was formed with the center in Vitebsk. On February 27, 1802, Mogilev province was restored as part of the former 12 counties.