Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes on Earth. Thanks to photosynthesis, living organisms receive the oxygen necessary for breathing, and the plants themselves create useful organic substances for their life activity. In this article, we will talk about what photosynthesis means, how it occurs, and what is formed in the process of photosynthesis.What happens during photosynthesis

As mentioned earlier, during photosynthesis, organic substances are formed in chloroplasts under the action of sunlight.

The process of photosynthesis can be divided into two phases:

1. Light.

2. Dark.

During the light phase of photosynthesis, energy is produced in the form of ATP and the universal donor of the hydrogen atom is the reducing agent NADPH (NADP H2). These substances are necessary for the dark phase to proceed. It also produces a by-product, oxygen. The light phase can only pass on the thylakoid membranes and in the light.

Thanks to a complex biochemical process - the Calvin cycle - organic substances (sugars) are formed in the dark phase of photosynthesis. The dark phase takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts both in the light and in the dark. Dark enzymatic processes proceed more slowly than light ones, therefore, under very bright light, the rate of photosynthesis will be completely determined by the rate of the dark phase. Schemes of photosynthesis processes are shown in Fig.2. See below for a detailed description of the processes.