Other attributes
Rostov-on-Don is a port of five seas, a major industrial, scientific and cultural center of the south of the country, an important hub of transport highways.
The city was founded in 1749 on the right hilly bank of the Don, 46 kilometers from its confluence with the Sea of Azov. In 2001, Rostov-on-Don turns 252 years old. At the origins of the creation of the city stood Peter 1, who, during the Azov campaigns of 1695-96, drew attention to a conveniently located place in the lower reaches of the Don River, where there was a spring, which he called a "Rich Well". At first, there was only a customs office on the site of the city, and then, in 1760, a fortress was built here to protect the southern Russian borders, which received the name of Metropolitan Dimitri of Rostov and Yaroslavl.
On December 15, 1749, a letter from Elizabeth Petrovna came to the Don, which stated: "To collect tariffs and internal duties from goods imported from the Turkish region and exported from Russia abroad, a customs office should be established along the Don River up from the mouth of the Temernik River against a tract called the Rich Well.
In the spring of 1750, a wharf, a warehouse, a quarantine, and a room for garrison employees were built in the customs house. The international "Russian and Constantinople Trading Company" was founded here in 1756. The port of Temernitsky became the only Russian port in the south of Russia, through which trade was conducted with the countries of the Black, Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. In 1760-1761, to protect the Lower Reaches of the Don from the raids of Turkish invaders and Crimean Tatar hordes, construction of a powerful fortress began at the "Rich Well" according to the project of the Russian military engineer Dedenev. The management of the work was entrusted to the military engineer A.I. Rigelman. On April 6, 1761, by decree of Catherine II, the fortress was given the name of Metropolitan Dmitry of Rostov and Yaroslavl (1652-1709), who had recently been elevated to the rank of saints of the Russian Orthodox Church. The fortress in the form of a 9-ray star had a circumference of 3.5 km. Subsequently, the name was transformed: the fortress of Dimitri Rostovsky, Rostov Fortress, just Rostov, finally, to distinguish it from the ancient Rostov the Great, which is near Yaroslavl, Rostov-on-Don.
The names of outstanding Russian military leaders are associated with the history of the fortress. In 1768 Admiral A.N. Sinyavin came here to direct the construction of the shipyard, in 1783-1784 commander A.V. Suvorov was appointed commandant of the fortress, Admiral F.I. Ushakov began his military service here.
In 1779, Armenians from the Crimean Peninsula (now the Proletarian district of Rostov) founded the settlement of Nor-Nakhichevan to the east of the fortress. The famous Russian architect I.E. Starev took part in the development of the plan of the new city.
On August 29, 1797, the fortress and Nakhichevan became part of the Rostov District of the Novorossiysk province. Since the fortress had lost its military significance by this time, it received the status of a county town (decree of Alexander 1 of August 17, 1806). In 1811, the city received its coat of arms, which is still the city's heraldic symbol.
After the demolition of the ramparts and filling of the ditches, the city was quickly cut through by a network of streets and alleys, stone buildings were built instead of adobe and wooden ones, trading activity became the main occupation of the city's residents. A.S. Pushkin, who visited Rostov in 1820 and 1828, was struck by the multilingual speech, bright national costumes of Rostov residents, and the lively life of the port city.
The favorable geographical position at the crossroads of land and water roads contributed to the economic development of Rostov. A trading port was formed near its walls, which received ships of Russian, Greek, Italian, Turkish, Armenian, and Persian merchants.
In 1863, an important event occurred in the history of the city – it was incorporated into the Donskoy Army Region, which was the impetus for the further development of industry and water-cleaning works.
The center of Rostov is transferred to Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, where a city garden was laid out, designed by architect A.Pomerantsev built the building of the City Duma, the largest state bank in the south of Russia, the city Nikolava hospital.
Since 1865, a water supply system has been operating in Rostov, since 1886 – a telephone, a horse-drawn railway, and since 1902 - a tram, connected the cities of Rostov and Nakhchivan. Industrial products of the largest of the 98 enterprises of Rostov were in great demand abroad. The names of V.I. Asmolov, I.S. Panchenko, E.T. Paramonov, N.N. Tokarev, N.A.Panin, P.R. and V.R. Maksimov and others were among those who won diplomas at Russian and international exhibitions. By 1914, consulates of 17 foreign countries were opened in Rostov. By its 100th anniversary, the city had about 15 thousand inhabitants, and by the XX century it had more than 110 thousand people. The basis of Rostov's economy was trade, it was called a merchant city, but by the beginning of the XX century there were already more than a hundred enterprises operating in Rostov, including such large ones as the Main Workshops of the Vladikavkaz Railway, the Aksai plough-building plant, shipbuilding, nail-wire, iron foundries, two tobacco factories. Moreover, every third enterprise belonged to foreign capital.
After the revolution, the city of Rostov developed together with the whole country. By the end of the 30s, it was one of the ten largest cities of the Soviet Union in terms of population and level of economic development.
The First World War, the events of October 1917 and the Civil War radically changed the life of Rostov. Only since 1920, the city slowly began to restore its economy. The pre-war five-year plans were marked by the appearance of the Rostselmash giant plant in Rostov, the unique M.Gorky Drama Theater in architecture (architects Shchuko and Gelfreich), the connection of the cities of Rostov and Nakhichevan (1928). The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 inflicted terrible wounds on the city: Rostov was included among the 10 most affected cities in Russia. After the liberation of the city on February 14, 1943, Rostov residents, at the cost of incredible efforts, revived the city and made it even more beautiful by building an embankment, restoring destroyed buildings. Parks and squares by building new neighborhoods.
Today's Rostov can be rightfully called a forge of personnel.
The largest university in the city is the Order of the Red Banner of Labor Rostov State University. It was founded in 1915 on the basis of the Russian University evacuated from Warsaw. Later, pedagogical, financial and economic (now - national economy), medical institutes stood out from it.
Rostov-on-Don is one of the largest cities in the Russian Federation with a population of over one million people. The area of the city is 354 sq.km, the distance to Moscow is 1226 km. It is the political, economic, and cultural center of the southern region of Russia.
Located on the right bank of the Don River, 65 km from its confluence with the Sea of Azov, Rostov-on-Don is located in the center of transport highways in the South of Russia, providing access to the shores of three seas - the Black, Azov, Caspian, direct contacts with the entire European part of the CIS, Transcaucasia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Until 1917, it was rightfully considered a merchant city, being the third largest foreign trade turnover in Russia.
There is an international airport in the city. Air communication is provided with many cities and towns of the country, as well as many countries of the world - Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, England, Bulgaria, Spain, Syria, the UAE. About 500 flights a year are made on international lines. The passenger turnover of Rostov Airport is 4.5 billion. passenger kilometers, 19.7 thousand tons of cargo are transported by air annually.
The trend of stabilization can be traced in the city's economy this year. Among the cities of the region, Rostov achieved the largest growth in industrial production - 45.8% compared to the corresponding period last year.
A new mechanism of economic partnership in the sphere of relations between the city and federal-owned enterprises, based on bilateral agreements, is justifying itself. In the implementation of a pilot project of direct contracts with a group of enterprises, which includes: JSC "Horizon". Champagne factory, JSC "Rostovbumaga", brewery, clothing factory "Victoria", Dairy, etc.
The project "Free Economic Zone - Rostov" is being implemented. The number of shareholders of "STZ "Rostov" included the regional and city administrations.
The City Duma granted tax benefits to JSC "Donskoy Tabak" for technical re-equipment, which remained almost the only Russian enterprise of the domestic tobacco industry.
During the difficult transition period of economic reform, Rostov managed to keep the bar high in the field of social development. It is enough to walk around the city to notice: the capital of the Don is being built... Comfortable donas of individual development are being built, enterprises of various forms of ownership continue to build housing, and the volume of municipal construction is growing. This became possible due to the fact that Rostov managed to maintain a capable construction complex, experienced teams, and a core of highly qualified personnel.
As it was noted at the All-Russian meeting of builders Rostov on the pace of housing commissioning - on one of the first places in Russia. In 1996, the municipality developed and approved the "Main directions of housing policy in the city". If there is a shortage of funds, the administration finds internal reserves for the implementation of the program. The municipality works with banks, the population, uses loans, promissory notes, loans, thinks about mortgages. Rostov has all the prerequisites for the successful development of the construction complex.
Our city took an active part in the investment project "Public Transport of Russia" proposed by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Rostov is among the 15 cities in Russia that have received an investment loan for the implementation of a program to stabilize the operation of urban public transport.
Municipal transport competes with private transport, which has made it possible to solve transport problems in many ways.
