A user having remote device wants to access an application that requires that the user possess a user application cryptographic credential. If the application needs to verify the identity of the user, the user's remote device performs a cryptographic operation using the user application cryptographic credentials, and sends the result to the application. A configuration for securely distributing the user application cryptographic credentials includes at least one gateway located at an enterprise that is under the control of an enterprise administrator, and a controller that is not located at the enterprise but can be configured by the enterprise administrator to cooperate with the at least one gateway.