The present invention relates to a prefabricated construction system and method, for erecting constructions by means of the assembly of prefabricated structural elements obtained by cutting flat materials, forming structural nodes by means of coupling at least a first coupling configuration formed by first slots made in a plurality of parallel boards forming a first structural element with at least a second coupling configuration formed by second slots made in a plurality of parallel boards forming a second structural element, providing a structural core in the form of an array having interstitial openings going through it which allow the coupling of third and fourth coupling configurations of third and fourth structural elements.