An adaptive inertial particle separation system may include an active configuration and a passive configuration. The system may comprise an air-intake duct including an outer wall spaced apart from a central axis, an inner wall located between the outer wall and the engine rotation axis, an intake passage defined in part by the inner wall and the outer wall, and a splitter located between the outer wall and the inner wall. The system may further include a sensor operatively connected to the air-intake duct and operative to initiate at least one of the active configuration and passive configuration.