US Patent 10310395 Electrophotographic photosensitive member, electrophotographic apparatus, and process cartridge

Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of satisfying abrasion resistance and electrical properties and suppressing image deletion, and an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer of a hole transport material having a polymerizable functional group, wherein the hole transport material has a specific structure.