Embodiments can provide a dust collection box and a robot vacuum cleaner. The dust collection box includes a box body and a lower lid. The box body defines a dust extraction port in the bottom thereof. The lower lid includes a first lateral portion and a second lateral portion opposite to each other. The first lateral portion is rotatably connected with the box body to enable the lower lid to open or close the dust extraction port. When the lower lid closes the dust extraction port, the second lateral portion is snap-fitted with the box body through a first snap structure.