US Patent 10367201 Negative electrode including a polymeric single-ion conductor coating

A negative electrode includes a metal substrate and a polymeric single-ion conductor coating formed on a surface of the metal substrate. The metal substrate is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, and zinc. The polymeric single-ion conductor coating is formed of i) a metal salt of a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer copolymer or ii) a polymeric metal salt having an initial polymeric backbone and pendent metal salt groups attached to the initial polymeric backbone.