A system and method for preheating a cooking chamber of an oven appliance. The oven appliance may include a bake heating element, a broil heating element, and a convection heating assembly including a convection heating element and a fan. The heating elements are operated simultaneously and/or in different combinations in order to rapidly preheat the cooking chamber. For example, the preheat cycle may include alternating between a first heating routine for a first time period and a second heating routine for a second time period. Preheating the cooking chamber in this manner will reduce oven preheat time, ensure proper heat balance, and improve overall cooking performance.