Disclosed are devices, systems, apparatus, methods, products, media, and other implementations, including a method that includes generating for a code segment of a first process an instruction dependency graph representative of behavior of the first process, obtaining respective one or more instruction dependency graphs representative of behaviors of code segments for one or more other processes, and determining, based on the first instruction dependency graph for the first process and the respective one or more instruction dependency graphs for the one or more other processes, a level of similarity between the first process and at least one of the one or more other processes.