Patent 10562864 was granted and assigned to Duke University on February, 2020 by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that down-regulate immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are provided. Also provided are methods of treating a disease by down-regulating immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. The methods are useful for treating cancer and viral infection in a subject.