There is provided a soundproof structure having two or more soundproof units. Each soundproof unit has a frame having an opening portion and a sound absorbing member attached to the opening portion of the frame. Two adjacent soundproof units are disposed such that at least parts of the sound absorbing members face each other. The sound absorbing members at least parts of which face each other are spaced apart from each other. An average distance between the sound absorbing members at least parts of which face each other is less than 20 mm. Therefore, it is possible to provide a soundproof structure and a soundproof system that can soundproof low frequency side sound with a simple configuration, is small and lightweight, and can easily change its frequency characteristics.