Patent attributes
Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for managing blockchain-based centralized ledger systems. One of the methods includes transmitting individual timestamp requests for to-be-timestamped blocks in a blockchain to a trust time server independent from a blockchain-based centralized ledger system that stores data in the blockchain, the blockchain including a plurality of blocks storing transaction data, receiving respective timestamps and associated signatures for the to-be-timestamped blocks from the trust time server, and storing information of the respective timestamps and associated signatures for the to-be-timestamped blocks in respective timestamped blocks in the blockchain, any adjacent two of the timestamped blocks in the blockchain being anchored with each other.