US Patent 10963112 Touch panel and method of forming thereof

A method of forming touch panels includes providing a substrate with a visible area and a periphery area, forming a metal layer, forming a metal nanowire layer with a first portion in the visible area and a second portion in the periphery area, and performing a patterning process. Forming the metal layer includes substrate pre-treatment, adjusting a characteristic of the substrate surface, forming a catalytic center on the substrate surface, adjusting an activity of the catalytic center, and performing electroless plating on the substrate surface to form the metal layer. The patterning process includes forming a plurality of periphery lead wires from the metal layer while forming a plurality of etching layer from the metal nanowire layer using an etchant that etches the metal layer and the metal nanowire layer.