Methods and apparatus for authenticating a user based on neuromuscular signals. The method comprises recording, using a plurality of neuromuscular sensors arranged on one or more wearable devices, a plurality of neuromuscular signals from a user; deriving a neuromuscular signature for the user from the plurality of neuromuscular signals and/or information based on the plurality of neuromuscular signals, wherein the neuromuscular signature is indicative of at least one personal characteristic of the user detected in the plurality of neuromuscular signals; and authenticating the user based on the derived neuromuscular signature.