US Patent 11011678 Group 13 element nitride layer, free-standing substrate and functional element

A layer of a crystal of a group 13 nitride selected from gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, indium nitride and the mixed crystals thereof has an upper surface and a bottom surface. The upper surface of the crystal layer of the group 13 nitride includes a linear high-luminance light-emitting part and a low-luminance light-emitting region adjacent to the high-luminance light-emitting part, observed by cathode luminescence. The high-luminance light-emitting part includes a portion extending along an m-plane of the crystal of the group 13 nitride.