Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for performing cryptographic operations subject to identity verification. One of the methods includes receiving, by a cryptography chip, a request to perform a requested cryptographic operation from a client including client identity information, wherein the cryptography chip includes a processing resource that performs cryptographic operations and a storage resource that stores key information used in the cryptographic operations, and identity information associated with clients that are permitted to request cryptographic operations; determining, by the cryptography chip, that the client identity information is associated with one of the clients that are permitted to request cryptographic operations; and performing, by the cryptography chip, the requested cryptographic operation based on the key information stored in the storage resource.