A passenger protection system for a vehicle includes: a seat which slides forwards and backwards and rotates laterally, where the seat has a seat belt equipped with a belt airbag, and a side airbag provided on a side of a seatback of the seat; a front airbag provided in a front structure located in front of the seat of the vehicle to be deployed towards the seat; a curtain airbag provided in a pillar trim on an upper end of a vehicle door to be deployed downwards; and a controller to selectively deploy the belt airbag, the side airbag, the front airbag and the curtain airbag, depending on a sliding position and a rotating direction of the seat and a detection or a predicted direction of a vehicle collision.