Provided is a rubber composition including: (i) a sulfur vulcanizable elastomer, (ii) carbon black and/or a white filler, and (iii) a microparticle having a three-dimensionally crosslinked structure; the microparticle being a microparticle obtained by three-dimensionally crosslinking a polymer formed from an oligomer or prepolymer that has a sulfide bond formed from two or more sulfur atoms in a main chain and/or that has a thiol group.