A foldable brake pedal apparatus for an autonomous driving vehicle enables a pedal pad to protrude from a pedal housing in a popped-up state to make it possible for the driver to operate the pedal pad in a manual driving mode in which the driver manually drives the vehicle. In particular, the pedal pad is inserted into the pedal housing and blocked from being exposed to the driver in a hidden state so as to make it impossible for the driver to operate the pedal pad in an autonomous driving mode in which the driver does not manually drive the vehicle.