US Patent 11262495 Waveguides with high refractive index gratings manufactured by post-patterning infusion

A manufacturing system for creating waveguides that include optical gratings having high coupling efficiencies is described herein. The waveguides are used to guide image light from a source assembly to an eye of a user. The optical gratings are used to couple light into an optical waveguide element and/or decouple light from the optical waveguide element. The manufacturing system creates optical gratings by patterning and adjusts refractive indexes of the optical gratings by infusion and post-processing. A refractive index of an optical grating can be uniform or non-uniform. In-coupling efficiencies of light into a waveguide via the optical gratings and/or out-coupling efficiencies of light out of a waveguide via the optical gratings can be increased. The manufacturing system includes a patterning system, an infusion system, and a post-processing system.