Patent attributes
Methods of use and compositions useful for reducing lines and wrinkles, evening skin tone, lightening skin tone, increasing skin radiance, elasticity, skin barrier function, and/or skin firmness, reducing photodamage, reducing sagging skin, inhibiting anti-oxidant capacity in skin, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., lipoxygenase, IL-6, Il-8, TNF-α, or VEGF), and/or elastase expression in skin, and/or increasing collagen expression in skin, elastin expression in skin, laminin expression in skin, and/or fibronectin expression in skin are disclosed herein. The compositions can additionally reduce or mitigate unwanted side effects shown in other retinol products such as erythema or redness in skin, skin dryness, peeling or flaking of skin, and/or skin irritation including without limitation, burning, stinging, itching, or tingling. The composition includes a combination of one or more of
