A cleaning apparatus and a method of executing a cleaning operation are provided. The cleaning apparatus includes a sensor including a plurality of sensors, a memory configured to store at least one instruction, and a processor configured to execute the at least one instruction to control the cleaning apparatus. The processor is further configured to determine properties of a pollutant on a movement path of the cleaning apparatus by using the sensor, determine a cleaning operation of removing the pollutant, based on the determined properties of the pollutant, and execute the determined cleaning operation.