US Patent 11502881 Channel equalization for multi-level signaling

A memory interface may include a transmitter that generates multi-level signals made up of symbols that convey multiple bits of data. The transmitter may include a first data path for a first bit (e.g., a least significant bit (LSB)) in a symbol and a second data path for a second bit (e.g., the most significant bit (MSB)) in the symbol. Each path may include a de-emphasis or pre-emphasis buffer circuit that inverts and delays signals received at the de-emphasis or pre-emphasis buffer circuit. The delayed and inverted data signals may control de-emphasis or pre-emphasis drivers that are configured to apply de-emphasis or pre-emphasis to a multi-level signal.