US Patent 11643913 Hybrid physics-based and machine learning models for reservoir simulations

System and methods for simulating fluid flow during downhole operations are provided. Measurements of an operating variable at one or more locations within a formation are obtained from a downhole tool disposed in a wellbore within the formation during a current stage of a downhole operation being performed along the wellbore. The obtained measurements are applied as inputs to a hybrid model of the formation. The hybrid model includes physics-based and machine learning models that are coupled together within a simulation grid. Fluid flow within the formation is simulated, based on the inputs applied to the hybrid model. A response of the operating variable is estimated for a subsequent stage of the downhole operation along the wellbore, based on the simulation. Flow control parameters for the subsequent stage are determined based on the estimated response. The subsequent stage of the operation is performed according to the determined flow control parameters.