Patent 11650440 was granted and assigned to Massachusetts Institute of Technology on May, 2023 by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
A photovoltaic modulator utilizes free carriers generated by absorption of optical radiation passing through the modulator to achieve ultra-low energy modulation of the radiation. The photovoltaic modulator can also function as an electro-optic transducer for low-power, low-EMI, high-density sensing applications.