US Patent 11983171 Using multiple trained models to reduce data labeling efforts

A method of labeling a dataset includes inputting a testing set comprising a plurality of input data samples into a plurality of pre-trained machine learning models to generate a set of embeddings output by the plurality of pre-trained machine learning models. The method further includes performing an iterative cluster labeling algorithm that includes generating a plurality of clusterings from the set of embeddings, analyzing the plurality of clusterings to identify a target embedding with a highest duster quality, analyzing the target embedding to determine a compactness for each of the plurality of clusterings of the target embedding, and identifying a target cluster among the plurality of clusterings of the target embedding based on the compactness. The method further includes assigning pseudo-labels to the subset of the plurality of input data samples that are members of the target duster.