US Patent 12066999 Lock-free timestamp ordering for distributed transactions

At a lock-less data management service, a multi-phase commit of a transaction is performed. The multi-phase commit includes a read set validation phase (in which a first set of timestamp-based conditions is used to determine whether the transaction has a read-write conflict), a pre-commit timestamps update phase (in which respective pre-commit timestamps associated with data items of the transaction's write set are set to a proposed commit time after verifying that the proposed commit time satisfies a second set of timestamp-based conditions), and a write initialization phase (in which respective new versions of individual data items of the write set are stored, without storing data item values indicated in the write set).