A method of providing energy storage units to an energy storage system on a vessel adapted to use stored energy includes receiving notification at a charging station onshore, of a user energy storage requirement; dispatching an autonomous vehicle from the charging station with one or more replacement energy storage units for the system; removing one or more used energy storage units from an operational location of the system; inserting the replacement energy storage unit at the same operational location of the system; and returning the used energy storage unit to the charging station.