A flexible layer support structure and a retractable device is disclosed. The flexible layer support structure includes a first thin sheet and a second thin sheet arranged in parallel with each other, as well as and a folding spring group sandwiched between the first thin sheet and the second thin sheet and arranged in parallel. The curved elastic pieces in the folding spring group are smoothly overlapped and connected with the thin sheets, so as to enclose a hollow thin-walled elastic structure that can be overlapped and rolled up, can be automatically straightened and has a flat surface. The retractable device includes a winding shaft, a pressure roller, and a flexible layer support structure installed on the winding shaft. The flexible layer support structure of the present disclosure has the advantages in lightweight, high storage ratio, large unfolded area, simple winding, large load bearing capacity, and less damage.