US Patent 12107277 Electrochemical cell catalyst layers

An electrochemical cell cathode catalyst layer includes electrocatalyst particles, an electrocatalyst support having an electronically conductive porous material including a plurality of pores with a diameter of less than or equal to 10 nm having a surface morphology comprising a plurality of peaks and valleys, the surface morphology being configured to contain the electrocatalyst particles within the plurality of pores and to enhance mass transport of molecular oxygen to the electrocatalyst particles by adsorbing molecular oxygen to the surface morphology, and an ionomer adhered to the electrocatalyst, the electrocatalyst support, or both.